Executive Summary: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2016 Update

Mozaffarian, Dariush; Benjamin, Emelia J.; Go, Alan S.; Arnett, Donna K.; Blaha, Michael J.; Cushman, Mary; Das, Sandeep R; Ferranti, Sarah D. de; Després, Jean; Fullerton, Heather J.; Howard, Virginia J.; Huffman, Mark D.; Isasi, Carmen R.; Jiménez, Monik C.; Judd, Suzanne E.; Kissela, Brett M.; Lichtman, Judith H.; Lisabeth, Lynda D.; Liu, Simin; Mackey, Rachel H.; Magid, David J.; McGuire, Darren K.; Mohler, Emile R.; Moy, Claudia S.; Muntner, Paul; Mussolino, Michael E.; Nasir, Khurram; Neumar, Robert W.; Nichol, Graham; Palaniappan, Latha; Pandey, Dilip K.; Reeves, Mathew J.; Rodríguez, Carlos J.; Rosamond, Wayne D.; Sorlie, Paul D.; Stein, Joel; Towfighi, Amytis; Turan, Tanya N.; Virani, Salim S.; Woo, Daniel; Yeh, Robert W.; Turner, Melanie B.

doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000366

Cited by 2,231 publications

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“…The healthcare system is burdened with an increasing incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD), which is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world 1, 2. Numerous CHD patients, who experienced and survived a myocardial infarction (MI) event, consequently suffer from adverse ventricular remodeling and heart failure (HF), requiring intensive treatment strategies and hospitalization 2, 3…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble CD74 Reroutes MIF/CXCR4/AKT‐Mediated Survival of Cardiac Myofibroblasts to Necroptosis

Soppert

Kraemer

Beckers

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundAlthough macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been demonstrated to mediate cardioprotection in ischemia/reperfusion injury and antagonize fibrotic effects through its receptor, CD74, the function of the soluble CD74 receptor ectodomain (sCD74) and its interaction with circulating MIF have not been explored in cardiac disease.Methods and ResultsCardiac fibroblasts were isolated from hearts of neonatal mice and differentiated into myofibroblasts. Co‐treatment with recombinant MIF and sCD74 induced cell death (P<0.001), which was mediated by receptor‐interacting serine/threonine‐protein kinase (RIP)1/RIP3‐dependent necroptosis (P=0.0376). This effect was specific for cardiac fibroblasts and did not affect cardiomyocytes. Gene expression analyses using microarray and RT‐qPCR technology revealed a 4‐fold upregulation of several interferon‐induced genes upon co‐treatment of myofibroblasts with sCD74 and MIF (Ifi44: P=0.011; Irg1: P=0.022; Clec4e: P=0.011). Furthermore, Western blot analysis confirmed the role of sCD74 as a modulator of MIF signaling by diminishing MIF‐mediated protein kinase B (AKT) activation (P=0.0197) and triggering p38 activation (P=0.0641). We obtained evidence that sCD74 inhibits MIF‐mediated survival pathway through the C‐X‐C chemokine receptor 4/AKT axis, enabling the induction of CD74‐dependent necroptotic processes in cardiac myofibroblasts. Preliminary clinical data revealed a lowered sCD74/MIF ratio in heart failure patients (17.47±10.09 versus 1.413±0.6244).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that treatment of cardiac myofibroblasts with sCD74 and MIF induces necroptosis, offering new insights into the mechanism of myofibroblast depletion during scar maturation. Preliminary clinical data provided first evidence about a clinical relevance of the sCD74/MIF axis in heart failure, suggesting that these proteins may be a promising target to modulate cardiac remodeling and disease progression in heart failure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble CD74 Reroutes MIF/CXCR4/AKT‐Mediated Survival of Cardiac Myofibroblasts to Necroptosis

Soppert

Kraemer

Beckers

et al. 2018

JAHA

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“…HF carries a heavy burden on both patients and health systems due to high mortality rates and frequent hospitalizations 2, 3. In the USA, it is estimated that 5.7 million people (2.2%) lived with this chronic disease between 2009 and 2012 4. In Australia, HF is a major cause of cardiovascular hospitalizations and death 5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes following heart failure hospitalization in a regional Australian setting between 2005 and 2014

et al. 2017

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AimsThe aim of the current study is to examine 10 year trends in mortality and readmission following heart failure (HF) hospitalization in metropolitan and regional Australian settings.Methods and resultsWe identified all index HF hospitalizations in the Hunter New England region from 2005 to 2014, using a 10 year ‘look back’ period. The primary endpoint was a composite of all‐cause mortality or all‐cause readmission at 1 year. Secondary endpoints included all‐cause mortality, all‐cause readmission, and HF readmission at 30 days and 1 year. We used logistic regression to explore the predictors of the composite outcome of either all‐cause death or readmission at 1 year. There were 12 114 patients admitted with a first episode of HF between 2005 and 2014, followed up until death or the end of 2015. The mean age was 78 ± 12 years and 49% (n = 5906) were male. A total of 4831 (40%) resided in regional areas and the remainder in metropolitan areas. One hundred sixty‐eight patients (1.4%) were Aboriginal. Approximately 69% of patients had either died or been readmitted for any cause within 12 months of their index event. The 30 day and 1 year all‐cause mortality rates were 13% and 32%, respectively, with no change in the trend over the study period. Age, socio‐economic disadvantage, ischaemic heart disease, renal failure, and chronic lower respiratory disease were predictors of the primary endpoint.ConclusionsHeart failure hospitalizations are followed by high rates of death or readmission. There was no change in this composite endpoint over the 10 year study period.

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“…Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and worldwide 1. Reductions in CVD morbidity and mortality have been achieved by reducing risk factor exposure with lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions, including use of aspirin 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary Primary Prevention Aspirin Use by Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Impact of US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendations, 2007—2015: A Serial, Cross‐sectional Study

Hof

Duval

Walts

et al. 2017

JAHA

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BackgroundNo previous study has evaluated the impact of past US Preventive Services Task Force statements on primary prevention (PP) aspirin use in a primary care setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate temporal changes in PP aspirin use in a primary care population, stratifying patients by their 10‐year global cardiovascular disease risk, in response to the 2009 statement.Methods and ResultsThis study estimated biannual aspirin use prevalence using electronic health record data from primary care clinics within the Fairview Health System (Minnesota) from 2007 to 2015. A total of 94 270 patient encounters had complete data to estimate a 10‐year cardiovascular disease risk score using the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association global risk estimator. Patients were stratified into low‐ (<10%), intermediate‐ (10–20%), and high‐ (≥20%) risk groups. Over the 9‐year period, PP aspirin use averaged 43%. When stratified by low, intermediate and high risk, average PP aspirin use was 41%, 63%, and 73%, respectively. Average PP aspirin use decreased after the publication of the 2009 US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement: from 45% to 40% in the low‐risk group; from 66% to 62% in the intermediate‐risk group; and from 76% to 73% in the high‐risk group, before and after the guideline.ConclusionsPublication of the 2009 US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation was not associated with an increase in aspirin use. High risk PP patients utilized aspirin at high rates. Patients at intermediate risk were less intensively treated, and patients at low risk used aspirin at relatively high rates. These data may inform future aspirin guideline dissemination.

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Executive Summary: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2016 Update

Cited by 2,231 publications

References 0 publications

Soluble CD74 Reroutes MIF/CXCR4/AKT‐Mediated Survival of Cardiac Myofibroblasts to Necroptosis

Soluble CD74 Reroutes MIF/CXCR4/AKT‐Mediated Survival of Cardiac Myofibroblasts to Necroptosis

Outcomes following heart failure hospitalization in a regional Australian setting between 2005 and 2014

Contemporary Primary Prevention Aspirin Use by Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Impact of US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendations, 2007—2015: A Serial, Cross‐sectional Study

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