Exercise and cerebrovascular plasticity

Nishijima, Takeshi; Torres‐Alemán, Ignacio; Soya, Hideaki

doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.03.010

Cited by 46 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Acute bouts of walking and running increase cerebral blood flow (CBF) in several regions within the animal brain, including the hippocampus (Osborne 1997; Nakajima et al 2003; Nishijima and Soya 2006; Nishijima et al 2012, 2016), cortex (Delp et al 2001; Gu et al 2003), and striatum (Osborne 1997), but not the olfactory bulb (Nishijima et al 2012) or hypothalamus (Delp et al 2001), suggesting region-specific control of CBF by exercise. In the rat hippocampus, CBF is increased soon after walking initiation and returns to baseline levels right afterward (Nakajima et al 2003).…”

Section: Cerebrovascular Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Run for Hippocampal Plasticity

Cooper

Moon

Praag

2017

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med

125

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Accumulating research in rodents and humans indicates that exercise benefits brain function and may prevent or delay onset of neurodegenerative conditions. In particular, exercise modifies the structure and function of the hippocampus, a brain area important for learning and memory. This review addresses the central and peripheral mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on the hippocampus. We focus on running-induced changes in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, neural circuitry, neurotrophins, synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitters, and vasculature. The role of peripheral factors in hippocampal plasticity is also highlighted. We discuss recent evidence that systemic factors released from peripheral organs such as muscle (myokines), liver (hepatokines), and adipose tissue (adipokines) during exercise contribute to hippocampal neurotrophin and neurogenesis levels, and memory function. A comprehensive understanding of the body–brain axis is needed to elucidate how exercise improves hippocampal plasticity and cognition.

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Section: Cerebrovascular Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Run for Hippocampal Plasticity

Cooper

Moon

Praag

2017

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med

125

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“…We quantitatively assessed the impact of HT on attention, an important component of cognitive function. Attention was expected to indirectly improve after HT, because a quantity of literature demonstrates positive changes in cognitive skills after various types of exercise interventions, not only in patients but also in healthy individuals [17]. Furthermore, a positive relationship between motor behavior, especially coordination, and cognitive abilities were found previously [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hession et al [19] found improvement in general intelligence and reductions in cognitive, affective, and behavioral signs of depression in children with dyspraxia after only six riding sessions. The mechanism of how HT enhances attention development might be explained with the findings that exercise triggers improvements in neuronal plasticity such as neurogenesis, but changes in cerebro-vascular plasticity could also be a reason [17]. Furthermore, evidence from functional magnetic resonance image examinations show that 8 weeks of balance training improves attention during walking in ageing humans through improved brain function [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Short-Term Hippotherapy on Strength, Sensory-Motor Skills, and Attention in Adult Patients with Neuromuscular Dysfunction

Váczi¹,

Kerekes²,

Bogár³

2016

Int J Phys Med Rehabil

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The purpose of the present study was to quantitatively assess the effects of hippotherapy on sensory-motor skills, strength, and attention in four adult patients with neuromuscular dysfunctions (two with Down syndrome, one with laesio cerebri, and one with mental disorder). Patients participated in hippotherapy once a week, for 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, strength components such as hand-grip strength, vertical jump force, and knee extensor torque were assessed. Balance, simple-choice foot and multiple-choice hand reaction time, and attention with a short-term memory task were also measured. Balance and both types of reaction times improved in all patients, but strength changes were inconsistent. The greatest improvement was found in attention. The present data provide evidence that short-term hippotherapy is an effective treatment strategy in the development of sensory-motor and cognitive skills of patients with neurosmuscular dysfunction.

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“…Aerobic fitness has emerged as a modifiable lifestyle factor which reduces the risk of all-cause mortality (Kodama et al, 2009;Lee et al, 2010), cardiovascular events (Haskell et al, 2007;Lee et al, 2010;Roque et al, 2013) and protects the brain against age and disease-related decline (Hillman et al, 2008;Hayes et al, 2014a;Nishijima et al, 2016). In addition, brain structure and function are closely linked; to maintain healthy brain tissue, adequate energy must be supplied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Effects of Aerobic Fitness on Cerebrovascular Function in Young Adults Using Multiple Inversion Time Arterial Spin Labeling MRI

et al. 2020

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This cross-sectional study investigated the effects of aerobic fitness on cerebrovascular function in the healthy brain. Gray matter cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) were quantified in a sample of young adults within a normal fitness range. Based on existing Transcranial Doppler ultrasound and fMRI evidence, we predicted a positive relationship between fitness and resting gray matter CBF and CVR. Exploratory hypotheses that higherVO 2 peak would be associated with higher GM volume and cognitive performance were also investigated. 20 adults underwent aVO 2 peak test and a battery of cognitive tests. All subjects also underwent an MRI scan where multiple inversion time (MTI) pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL) was used to quantify resting CBF and CVR to 5% CO 2 . Region of interest analysis showed a non-significant inverse correlation between whole-brain gray matter CBF andVO 2 peak; r = −0.4, p = 0.08, corrected p (p ) = 0.16 and a significant positive correlation betweenVO 2 peak and whole-brain averaged gray matter CVR; r = 0.62, p = 0.003, p = 0.006. Voxelwise analysis revealed a significant inverse association betweenVO 2 peak and resting CBF in the left and right thalamus, brainstem, right lateral occipital cortex, left intracalcarine cortex and cerebellum. The results of this study suggest that aerobic fitness is associated with lower baseline CBF and greater CVR in young adults.

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Exercise and cerebrovascular plasticity

Cited by 46 publications

References 131 publications

On the Run for Hippocampal Plasticity

On the Run for Hippocampal Plasticity

Effects of Short-Term Hippotherapy on Strength, Sensory-Motor Skills, and Attention in Adult Patients with Neuromuscular Dysfunction

Assessment of the Effects of Aerobic Fitness on Cerebrovascular Function in Young Adults Using Multiple Inversion Time Arterial Spin Labeling MRI

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