Exercise and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Kumar, A Sampath; Maiya, Arun G; Shastry, BA; Vaishali, K; Ravishankar, Nirmala; Hazari, Animesh; Gundmi, Shubha; Jadhav, Radhika

doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2018.11.001

Cited by 270 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Each SD of genetically higher BMI [2.741; 2.421–3.104] and WHRadjBMI [1.993; 1.704–2.33] was associated with increased T2DM risk. Human epidemiologic studies have considered obesity to be a major risk factor of T2DM, and the substantial increase in the incidence of obesity contributes to the current T2DM epidemic ( Sampath Kumar et al, 2019 ). Using the MR method in the European descendants, Emdin et al confirmed that a 1 SD genetic increase in WHRadjBMI was associated with a higher risk of T2DM [1.77; 1.57–2.00] ( Emdin et al, 2017 ), and Dale et al revealed that each SD higher BMI was associated with increased T2DM risk [1.98; 1.41–2.78] ( Dale et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia secondary to insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell failure ( Alejandro et al, 2015 ). The findings of human epidemiologic studies indicate that the global prevalence of T2DM is increasing rapidly, and this increase parallels the increase in the prevalence of obesity ( Sampath Kumar et al, 2019 ). The body mass index (BMI) is routinely used to quantify the overall obesity although body fat distribution of individuals can vary substantially.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Causal Effects of Overall and Abdominal Obesity on Insulin Resistance and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Jin

Guan

2020

Front. Genet.

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Overall and abdominal obesity were significantly associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in observational studies, though these associations cannot avoid the bias induced by confounding effects and reverse causation. This study aimed to test whether these associations are causal, and it compared the causal effects of overall and abdominal obesity on T2DM risk and glycemic traits by using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design. Based on summary-level statistics from genome-wide association studies, the instrumental variables for body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and WHR adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI) were extracted, and the horizontal pleiotropy was analyzed using MR–Egger regression and the MR–pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (PRESSO) method. Thereafter, by using the conventional MR method, the inverse-variance weighted method was applied to assess the causal effect of BMI, WHR, and WHRadjBMI on T2DM risk, Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting insulin, fasting glucose, and Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). A series of sensitivity analyses, including the multivariable MR (diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol as covariates), MR–Egger regression, weighted median, MR–PRESSO, and leave-one-out method, were conducted to test the robustness of the results from the conventional MR. Despite the existence of horizontal pleiotropy, consistent results were found in the conventional MR results and sensitivity analyses, except for the association between BMI and fasting glucose, and WHRadjBMI and fasting glucose. Each one standard deviation higher BMI was associated with an increased T2DM risk [odds ratio (OR): 2.741; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.421–3.104], higher HbA1c [1.054; 1.04–1.068], fasting insulin [1.202; 1.173–1.231], and HOMA-IR [1.221; 1.187–1.255], similar to findings for causal effect of WHRadjBMI on T2DM risk [1.993; 1.704–2.33], HbA1c [1.061; 1.042–1.08], fasting insulin [1.102; 1.068–1.136], and HOMA-IR [1.127; 1.088–1.167]. Both BMI ( P = 0.546) and WHRadjBMI ( P = 0.443) were unassociated with fasting glucose in the multivariable MR analysis. In conclusion, overall and abdominal obesity have causal effects on T2DM risk and insulin resistance but no causal effect on fasting glucose. Individuals can substantially reduce their insulin resistance and T2DM risk through reduction of body fat mass and modification of body fat distribution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal Effects of Overall and Abdominal Obesity on Insulin Resistance and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Jin

Guan

2020

Front. Genet.

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“…According to those findings, PA/exercise has a significant role in improvements of BG control, insulin sensitivity, and insulin resistance, reduction of BMI, HbA1c levels, and total cholesterol, etc. 72,100,111,132,133,[145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152] This section summarizes ( Table 1) the evidence about the role of PA/exercise on the control of T2DM.…”

Section: Management Of T2dmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…156 Several studies have shown that PA also lowers the HbA1c levels. 79,95,111,119,132,133,136,142,143,[146][147][148][149][150][151][182][183][184] This means that the effect of an exercise on the decrement of BG levels could be evidenced by the reduction of the biomarkers of glycemic control which is HbA1c levels. The term HbA1c refers to a glycated hemoglobin or glycosylated hemoglobin.…”

Section: Non-rct)mentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Antidiabetic Effects of Physical Activity: How It Helps to Control Type 2 Diabetes</p>

Wake¹

2020

DMSO

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Despite the improvements in clinical care of the patients, research updates, and public health interventions, there is still an increase in the prevalence, incidence, and mortality because of diabetes mellitus (DM). DM is a public health problem in both developed and developing countries. It has increased alarmingly, putting this disease in the dimension of an epidemic. Diabetes is associated with several complications which increase the risk of many serious health problems on the other side. Therefore, this review was aimed to discuss the antidiabetic effects of physical activity (PA) on type 2 DM (T2DM) by summarizing the significant studies on this topic. This review found that several studies have recommended the utilization of PA for the effective management of T2DM. PA is a non-pharmacologic therapy which is a significant strategy for the management of T2DM and is an appropriate lifestyle modification approach to be practiced by these patients. The studies showed that PA has antidiabetic effects which are evidenced by its substantial role in improving the blood glucose (BG) levels of the individuals with T2DM where it helps them to control their levels of glucose in the blood. It plays a significant role in glycemic control of this disease by lowering the BG levels through possible mechanisms such as decreasing insulin resistance, increasing production of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4), lowering visceral adipose tissue (VAT), increasing pancreatic β-cell functions, using glucose for energy, and so on. In turn, the controlled glycemia helps to prevent the complications associated with uncontrolled T2DM and this would further improve the overall health of the patients and the burden on the health professionals as well. Finally, this review concludes that PA is the cornerstone in the management of T2DM. It also suggests that more attention is needed to its significance in the prevention, glycemic control, and its role in the management of the morbidity and mortality associated with T2DM. Practical PA recommendations and suggestions for the future direction of research in this area are also provided.

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“…Studies have confirmed that, as a nondrug way, exercise can help alleviate depressive symptoms, with comparable efficiency to drug therapy and other psychological interventions 2,3 . Exercise can also prevent other diseases, such as diabetes, osteoporosis, and obesity 4,5 . However, there have been different conclusions on the effect of different exercises on depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise, brain plasticity, and depression

et al. 2020

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Depression is a common mental disorder characterized by high incidence, high disability, and high fatality, causing great burden to the society, families, and individuals. The changes in brain plasticity may be a main reason for depression. Recent studies have shown that exercise plays a positive role in depression, but systematic and comprehensive studies are lacking on brain plasticity changes in depression. To further understand the antidepressive effect of exercise and the changes in brain plasticity, we retrieved related literatures using key words “depression,” “depressive disorder,” “exercise,” “brain plasticity,” “brain structure,” and “brain function” from the database of Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO host, and CNKI, hoping to provide evidence for exercise in preventing and treating depression. Increase in exercise has been found negatively correlated with the risk of depression. Randomized controlled experiments have shown that aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and mind‐body exercise can improve depressive symptoms and levels. The intensity and long‐term effect of exercise are now topical research issues. Exercise has been proven to reshape the brain structure of depression patients, activate the function of related brain areas, promote behavioral adaptation changes, and maintain the integrity of hippocampal and white matter volume, thus improving the brain neuroprocessing and delaying cognitive degradation in depression patients. Future studies are urgently needed to establish accurate exercise prescriptions for improving depressive symptoms, and studies on different depressive populations and studies using multimodal brain imaging combined with multiple analytical methods are also needed.

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Exercise and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 270 publications

References 20 publications

Causal Effects of Overall and Abdominal Obesity on Insulin Resistance and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Causal Effects of Overall and Abdominal Obesity on Insulin Resistance and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

<p>Antidiabetic Effects of Physical Activity: How It Helps to Control Type 2 Diabetes</p>

Exercise, brain plasticity, and depression

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