Exercise and intestinal permeability: another form of exercise-induced hormesis?

Keirns, Bryant; Koemel, Nicholas A.; Sciarrillo, Christina; Anderson, Kendall; Emerson, Sam R.

doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00232.2020

Cited by 65 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…In the context of brain function, exercise can either trigger or prevent neuroinflammation by effects on the gut–brain axis that depend on exercise intensity, frequency, and duration [ 90 ]. Regular moderate exercise supports gut barrier integrity and beneficial gut microbes as well as prevents translocation of LPS into the bloodstream [ 91 , 92 ]. In contrast, excessive exercise compromises the gut barrier and causes gut microbiome dysbiosis [ 91 , 92 ].…”

Section: Physical Activity and Stress Reduction Support Diet In Maintaining Oxidant-antioxidant Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regular moderate exercise supports gut barrier integrity and beneficial gut microbes as well as prevents translocation of LPS into the bloodstream [ 91 , 92 ]. In contrast, excessive exercise compromises the gut barrier and causes gut microbiome dysbiosis [ 91 , 92 ]. More research is needed to define the threshold for excessive exercise for different types of activities and also in the context of individual differences in genetic background, age, and fitness level.…”

Section: Physical Activity and Stress Reduction Support Diet In Maintaining Oxidant-antioxidant Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergistic Action of Membrane-Bound and Water-Soluble Antioxidants in Neuroprotection

2021

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Prevention of neurodegeneration during aging, and support of optimal brain function throughout the lifespan, requires protection of membrane structure and function. We review the synergistic action of different classes of dietary micronutrients, as well as further synergistic contributions from exercise and stress reduction, in supporting membrane structure and function. We address membrane-associated inflammation involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) that produce immune regulators from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of membrane phospholipids. The potential of dietary micronutrients to maintain membrane fluidity and prevent chronic inflammation is examined with a focus on synergistically acting membrane-soluble components (zeaxanthin, lutein, vitamin E, and omega-3 PUFAs) and water-soluble components (vitamin C and various phenolics). These different classes of micronutrients apparently operate in a series of intertwined oxidation-reduction cycles to protect membrane function and prevent chronic inflammation. At this time, it appears that combinations of a balanced diet with regular moderate exercise and stress-reduction practices are particularly beneficial. Effective whole-food-based diets include the Mediterranean and the MIND diet (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay diet, where DASH stands for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension).

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Section: Physical Activity and Stress Reduction Support Diet In Maintaining Oxidant-antioxidant Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Activity and Stress Reduction Support Diet In Maintaining Oxidant-antioxidant Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Action of Membrane-Bound and Water-Soluble Antioxidants in Neuroprotection

2021

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“…Protection of the intestinal barrier may actually be counterproductive to signaling exercise-induced adaptations to bacterial translocation, as tolerance to endotoxin may play a necessary role in adaptation to heat stress and future protection (178). Research suggests that the intestinal barrier becomes less permeable with exercise training, and the threshold for endotoxin leakage and inflammatory activation occurs at a lower rectal Tc in untrained individuals compared with their trained counterparts (5).…”

Section: Perspectives and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional considerations to counteract gastrointestinal permeability during exertional heat stress

King

Rollo

Baker

2021

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Intestinal barrier integrity and function are compromised during exertional heat stress (EHS) potentially leading to consequences that range from minor gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances to fatal outcomes in exertional heat stroke or septic shock. This mini-review provides a concise discussion of nutritional interventions that may protect against intestinal permeability during EHS and suggests physiological mechanisms responsible for this protection. Although diverse nutritional interventions have been suggested to be protective against EHS-induced GI permeability, the ingestion of certain amino acids, carbohydrates, and fluid per se are potentially effective strategies, whereas evidence for various polyphenols and pre/probiotics is developing. Plausible physiological mechanisms of protection include increased blood flow, epithelial cell proliferation, upregulation of intracellular heat shock proteins, modulation of inflammatory signaling, alteration of the GI microbiota, and increased expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins. Further clinical research is needed to propose specific nutritional candidates and recommendations for their application to prevent intestinal barrier disruption and elucidate mechanisms during EHS.

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“…Given the general health benefits of exercise, the potential impacts of enhanced permeability are unlikely to outweigh the benefits of exercise and its positive health adaptations [34], yet the enhanced intestinal permeability does not equate to heat stress. Further, given the general health benefits of exercise, the potential impacts of enhanced permeability are unlikely to outweigh the benefits of exercise and its positive health adaptations [76], yet those exercising in the heat should remain cognizant, be prepared, allow acclimatization, and respect the dangers of extreme heat. Further documentation of these dangers is available through several resources [77][78][79].…”

Section: Heat Stroke and Elevation Of Intestinal Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced intestinal permeability and intestinal co-morbidities in heat strain: A review and case for autodigestion

et al. 2021

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Enhanced intestinal permeability is a pervasive issue in modern medicine, with implications demonstrably associated with significant health consequences such as sepsis, multiorgan failure, and death. Key issues involve the trigger mechanisms that could compromise intestinal integrity and increase local permeability allowing the passage of larger, potentially dangerous molecules. Heat stress, whether exertional or environmental, may modulate intestinal permeability and begs interesting questions in the context of global climate change, increasing population vulnerabilities, and public health. Emerging evidence indicates that intestinal leakage of digestive enzymes and associated cell dysfunctions--a process referred to as autodigestion--may play a critical role in systemic physiological damage within the body. This increased permeability is exacerbated in the presence of elevated core temperatures. We employed Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling methods to analyze the relationship between heat stress and the nascent theory of autodigestion in a systematic, quantifiable, and unbiased manner. From a corpus of 11,233 scientific articles across four relevant scientific journals (Gut, Shock, Temperature, Gastroenterology), it was found that over 1,000 documents expressed a relationship between intestine, enhanced permeability, core temperature, and heat stress. The association has grown stronger in recent years, as heat stress and potential autodigestion are investigated in tandem, yet still by a limited number of specific research studies. Such findings justify the design of future studies to critically test novel interventions against digestive enzymes permeating the intestinal tract, especially the small intestine.

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Exercise and intestinal permeability: another form of exercise-induced hormesis?

Cited by 65 publications

References 77 publications

Synergistic Action of Membrane-Bound and Water-Soluble Antioxidants in Neuroprotection

Synergistic Action of Membrane-Bound and Water-Soluble Antioxidants in Neuroprotection

Nutritional considerations to counteract gastrointestinal permeability during exertional heat stress

Enhanced intestinal permeability and intestinal co-morbidities in heat strain: A review and case for autodigestion

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