Exercise and nasal patency

Forsyth, Rochelle; Cole, Philip; Shephard, Roy J.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1983.55.3.860

Cited by 61 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…These upper airways comprise most of the total respiratory system resistance to airflow and are susceptible to narrowing during inspiration because they are exposed to negative downstream intrathoracic pressure. During and following exercise, resistances in nasal (167), pharyngeal (103), and laryngeal (150,151) portions of the upper airway are reduced in proportion to exercise intensity. Of critical importance in reducing airway resistance is the exercise-induced switch in the primary route of airflow from high-resistance nasal routes to the lower resistance oral route.…”

Section: Extrathoracic Airwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventilation and Respiratory Mechanics

Sheel

Romer

2012

Comprehensive Physiology

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During dynamic exercise, the healthy pulmonary system faces several major challenges, including decreases in mixed venous oxygen content and increases in mixed venous carbon dioxide. As such, the ventilatory demand is increased, while the rising cardiac output means that blood will have considerably less time in the pulmonary capillaries to accomplish gas exchange. Blood gas homeostasis must be accomplished by precise regulation of alveolar ventilation via medullary neural networks and sensory reflex mechanisms. It is equally important that cardiovascular and pulmonary system responses to exercise be precisely matched to the increase in metabolic requirements, and that the substantial gas transport needs of both respiratory and locomotor muscles be considered. Our article addresses each of these topics with emphasis on the healthy, young adult exercising in normoxia. We review recent evidence concerning how exercise hyperpnea influences sympathetic vasoconstrictor outflow and the effect this might have on the ability to perform muscular work. We also review sex-based differences in lung mechanics.

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Section: Extrathoracic Airwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventilation and Respiratory Mechanics

Sheel

Romer

2012

Comprehensive Physiology

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“…It has been recognized that exercise can reduce nasal resistance [11][12][13]. This effect is mainly attributed to vasoconstriction of capacitance vessels in the nasal mucosa by sympathetic activity, since the decrease of nasal resistance by exercise was partially blocked by topical phentolamine in the nasal cavity and totally abolished by stellate ganglion block [12].…”

Section: Exercise and Nasal Airway Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of nitric oxide in human nasal airway

Imada

Iwamoto²,

Nonaka³

et al. 1996

Eur Respir J

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The nasal output of nitric oxide (NO) is known to be high, but there have been varying reports of the exact level. We attempted to establish a quantitative measurement of nasal NO, and looked for a possible relationship with nasal resistance, at rest and during exercise.Nasal airway ventilation was performed by using an air pump at a constant flow rate, whilst the soft palate was elevated voluntarily. In a preliminary study, the flow rate for sampling was changed and concentrations of NO were measured. After determination of flow rate, rhinomanometry for nasal resistance and measurement of nasal NO by chemiluminescence were carried out before and after moderate exercise.The These data indicate that nasal NO can be measured quantitatively as V 'NO and might be involved in the control of nasal resistance. Eur Respir J., 1996, 9, 556- [6]. However, quantitative measurement has been performed in only a few studies on exhaled NO [7,8] and nasal NO [9]. In the nasal airway, NO was first detected by ALVING et al. [2] (1993). These authors found that most exhaled NO comes from the nose because of some 10 fold higher concentration of nasal NO than of exhaled NO. In general, a concentration of a gas rising from the wall of the lumen should vary with the amount of ventilation. Accordingly, the concentration of exhaled NO has been reported to correlate hyperbolically with a ventilatory volume, whereas the net output of NO (V'NO) remained constant [8]. We applied the same method in attempting to establish a quantitative measurement of the nasal airway NO, and investigated the relationship between nasal airway NO and the nasal resistance before and after exercise. Materials and methods Subjects and protocolTwelve male subjects (aged 27-35 years), with no allergies or abnormal rhinoscopic findings, volunteered for this study. The protocol of the study was reviewed and approved by the Asahikawa Medical College Institutional Review Board for Research. Subjects rested in a sitting position for at least 15 min, during the last 5 min of which rhinomanometry and the measurement of nasal airway NO were performed. Subjects then walked on a 10°graded treadmill at 5 km·h -1 for 4 min. Immediately after exercise, subjects sat down and the measurements were repeated. RhinomanometryThe anterior method of rhinomanometry [10] was applied to obtain nasal resistance of each side of the nasal airway. From the flow-pressure curve obtained by rhinomanometry (model SR-11, Rion, Japan), nasal resistance at 100 Pa was taken as the nasal resistance value (Pa·s·cm -3 ) for each subject. The total nasal resistance for both nasal airways was obtained by calculating the sum of the reciprocals of parallel resistance for each nasal airway. Measurement of nasal airway NOThe quantitative measurement of NO in the human exhaled gas has already been established [8]:

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“…This phenomenon appears immediately after starting sportive activity and reaches its peak after about half an hour, then returns to its normal level 25-30 min after one stops running [8]. In the long term for some subjects, this cyclical repetition of turbinate congestion-decongestion may cause serious alterations of the homeostasis of physiological nasal respiration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Alterations in rhinosinusal homeostasis in a sportive population: our experience with 106 athletes

Passàli¹,

Damiani²,

Passàli³

et al. 2003

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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The aim of the present work was to analyse the alterations of rhino-sinusal physiology in 106 professional athletes (swimmers, skiers, boxers and runners) using objective rhinological methods. Every athlete underwent an accurate anamnesis, a complete objective ORL evaluation, an active anterior rhinomanometry, an acoustic rhinometry and an evaluation of mucociliary transport time (MCTt). Skiers were also submitted to a nasal decongestion test (NDT). In swimmers, the mean MCTt was 27.4± 4.97 min (normal value: 13±3 min; P<0.0001). The average MCTt for the skier group was 19.58±1.92 min (P< 0.0001); the mean value of total basal nasal resistance was 0.37±0.05 Pa/ml per s (normal value =0.25 Pa/ml per s; P<0.001). After NDT, total nasal resistance was 0.18± 0.02 Pa/ml per s. In the group of boxers, the total mean nasal resistance was 0.64±0.05 Pa/ml per s (P<0.001); the mean cross-sectional area at the nasal valve level was 0.57±0.04 cm 2 (normal value =0.55±0.05 cm 2 ) and at the inferior turbinate level 0.83±0.05 cm 2 (normal value =0.4± 0.04 cm 2 ; P<0.001); the TMC average time was 27.35± 2.21 min (P<0.0001). Finally, for the runners, the mean MCT time was 20.56±2.35 min (P<0.001). Knowing the alterations of the physiological nasal respiration is of extreme importance to develop a correct and timely therapeutic approach to be able to restore rhino-sinusal homeostasis. Athletes, in fact, need the earliest therapeutic aid in order to avoid the interference of prolonged rhino-sinusal alterations with their performance and also to avoid a more serious clinical situation concerning the inferior airways.

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Exercise and nasal patency

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Ventilation and Respiratory Mechanics

Ventilation and Respiratory Mechanics

Measurement of nitric oxide in human nasal airway

Alterations in rhinosinusal homeostasis in a sportive population: our experience with 106 athletes

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