Exercise and Nutrition Strategies for Combating Sarcopenia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Older Adults

Argyropoulou, Dionysia; Geladas, Nickos D.; Nomikos, Tzortzis; Paschalis, Vassilis

doi:10.3390/jfmk7020048

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“… 124–126 Argyropoulou et al suggest that a combined exercise regimen (aerobic and resistance) while maintaining a protein intake of over 1 g/kg per day is the safest strategy for managing sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes. 127 Yamamoto et al found that neither elastic RT in combination with 6 g of leucine-rich amino acids per day, nor RT alone, had a significant effect on muscle mass or strength after 48 weeks in type 2 diabetes. 128 Saitoh et al proposed that engaging in regular and appropriate physical activity and/or exercise training, along with ensuring adequate nutrient intake or incorporating special dietary supplements, may serve as the most effective strategies for preventing sarcopenia and mitigating the decline of physical function in patients with heart failure.…”

Section: Combining Exercise With Dietary Supplementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Pharmacological Strategies for Managing Sarcopenia in Chronic Diseases

Hu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

CIA

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This article focuses on a range of non-pharmacological strategies for managing sarcopenia in chronic diseases, including exercise, dietary supplements, traditional Chinese exercise, intestinal microecology, and rehabilitation therapies for individuals with limited limb movement. By analyzing multiple studies, the article aims to summarize the available evidence to manage sarcopenia in individuals with chronic diseases. The results strongly emphasize the role of resistance training in addressing chronic diseases and secondary sarcopenia. Maintaining the appropriate frequency and intensity of resistance training can help prevent muscle atrophy and effectively reduce inflammation. Although aerobic exercise has limited ability to improve skeletal muscle mass, it does have some positive effects on physical function. Building upon this, the article explores the potential benefits of combined training approaches, highlighting their helpfulness for overall quality of life. Additionally, the article also highlights the importance of dietary supplements in combating muscle atrophy in chronic diseases. It focuses on the importance of protein intake, supplements rich in essential amino acids and omega-3, as well as sufficient vitamin D to prevent muscle atrophy. Combining exercise with dietary supplements appears to be an effective strategy for preventing sarcopenia, although the optimal dosage and type of supplement remain unclear. Furthermore, the article explores the potential benefits of intestinal microecology in sarcopenia. Probiotics, prebiotics, and bacterial products are suggested as new treatment options for sarcopenia. Additionally, emerging therapies such as whole body vibration training, blood flow restriction, and electrical stimulation show promise in treating sarcopenia with limited limb movement. Overall, this article provides valuable insights into non-pharmacological strategies for managing sarcopenia in individuals with chronic diseases. It emphasizes the importance of a holistic and integrated approach that incorporates exercise, nutrition, and multidisciplinary interventions, which have the potential to promote health in the elderly population. Future research should prioritize high-quality randomized controlled trials and utilize wearable devices, smartphone applications, and other advanced surveillance methods to investigate the most effective intervention strategies for sarcopenia associated with different chronic diseases.

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Section: Combining Exercise With Dietary Supplementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Pharmacological Strategies for Managing Sarcopenia in Chronic Diseases

Hu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

CIA

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“…Muscle cells produce ROS (hydroxyl radicals, peroxides, and superoxides) as a by-product of normal metabolism and are more susceptible to oxidative stress. 54 While T2DM is associated with increased oxidative stress, 57 hyperglycemia in T2DM triggers increased production of ROS. 86 ROS activates the ubiquitin-proteasome system and accelerates the degradation of muscle proteins, 87 which leads to sarcopenia.…”

Section: The Metabolic Pathophysiology For Sarcopenia In T2dmmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between Sarcopenia and Diabetes: From Pathophysiology Mechanism to Therapeutic Strategy

Hui-ling¹,

Huang²,

Dong³

et al. 2023

DMSO

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Diabetes and sarcopenia are emerging as serious public health issues. Sarcopenia, an age-related disorder characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is recognized as a new complication in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, accumulation of advanced glycation products and increased oxidative stress, which can negatively affect skeletal muscle mass, strength and function leading to sarcopenia. There is a mutual interrelationship between T2DM and sarcopenia in light of pathophysiology mechanism and long-term outcome. T2DM will accelerate the decline of muscle mass and function, which will in turn lead to glucose metabolism disorders, reduced physical activity and the risk of diabetes. However, the specific mechanism involved has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, this review aims to explore the pathophysiology and therapeutic strategy related to sarcopenia and diabetes and provide insight for future investigations, which is of great significance for improving the quality of life in the elderly with diabetes and concurrently reducing the incidence of related complications.

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“…Although no unified therapeutic regimen exists for the comprehensive management of patients with the syndromic triad, physical activity and therapeutic nutrition represent two approaches that have proven merit across the triad spectrum. Persistent daily activity and dedicated exercise programs can improve glycemic regulation and decrease muscle degradation, while diets rich in protein or amino acids are helpful for patients with T2D and malnutrition ( 127 ). Diets that accentuate protein and antioxidants may combat sarcopenia by increasing muscle mass and strength via improved protein homeostasis and autophagy (the orderly degradation and recycling of cellular components) as well as reduced oxidative stress ( 120 ).…”

Section: Nutritional Therapy In Patients With Acute Covid-19 T2d and ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The syndromic triad of COVID-19, type 2 diabetes, and malnutrition

Mechanick

Christofides²,

Marchetti³

et al. 2023

Front. Nutr.

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenges our collective understanding of transmission, prevention, complications, and clinical management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Risk factors for severe infection, morbidity, and mortality are associated with age, environment, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, and interventional timing. Clinical investigations report an intriguing association of COVID-19 with diabetes mellitus and malnutrition but incompletely describe the triphasic relationship, its mechanistic pathways, and potential therapeutic approaches to address each malady and their underlying metabolic disorders. This narrative review highlights common chronic disease states that interact epidemiologically and mechanistically with the COVID-19 to create a syndromic phenotype—the COVID-Related Cardiometabolic Syndrome—linking cardiometabolic-based chronic disease drivers with pre-, acute, and chronic/post-COVID-19 disease stages. Since the association of nutritional disorders with COVID-19 and cardiometabolic risk factors is well established, a syndromic triad of COVID-19, type 2 diabetes, and malnutrition is hypothesized that can direct, inform, and optimize care. In this review, each of the three edges of this network is uniquely summarized, nutritional therapies discussed, and a structure for early preventive care proposed. Concerted efforts to identify malnutrition in patients with COVID-19 and elevated metabolic risks are needed and can be followed by improved dietary management while simultaneously addressing dysglycemia-based chronic disease and malnutrition-based chronic disease.

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Exercise and Nutrition Strategies for Combating Sarcopenia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Older Adults

Cited by 12 publications

References 114 publications

Non-Pharmacological Strategies for Managing Sarcopenia in Chronic Diseases

Non-Pharmacological Strategies for Managing Sarcopenia in Chronic Diseases

The Association Between Sarcopenia and Diabetes: From Pathophysiology Mechanism to Therapeutic Strategy

The syndromic triad of COVID-19, type 2 diabetes, and malnutrition

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