Exercise and Obesity

Okay, Douglas M.; Jackson, Paul V.; Marcinkiewicz, M.; Papino, M. Novella

doi:10.1016/j.pop.2009.01.008

Cited by 48 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Programs that emphasize exercise and balance have been shown to be particularly effective at decreasing fall related injuries (Low et al, 2009), (Costello and Edelstein, 2008). Our findings suggest interventions that result in weight loss, specifically, structured exercise programs combined with appropriate diets (Okay et al, 2009) would hold particular promise in older adults who have a BMI greater than or equal to 35.…”

Section: 1 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Risk factors for falls and fall-related injuries in adults 85 years of age and older

Grundstrom

Guse

Layde

2012

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics

154

109

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Background Falls are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults. No previous studies on risk factors for falls have focused on adults 85 years and older, the most rapidly growing segment of adults. Methods We examined demographic, health, and behavioral risk factors for falls and fall-related injuries in adults 65 years and older, with a particular focus on adults 85 years and older. We analyzed self-reported information from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) for 2008. Results Data was available for 120,923 people aged 65 or older and 12,684 people aged 85 or older. Of those aged 85 or older, 21.3% reported at least one fall in the past 3 months and 7.2% reported at least one fall related injury requiring medical care or limiting activity for a day or longer. Below average general health, male sex, perceived insufficient sleep, health problems requiring assistive devices, alcohol consumption, increasing body mass index and history of stroke were all independently associated with a greater risk of falls or fall related injuries. The greater risk of falling in those 85 years and older appeared to be due to the deterioration of overall health status with age; among those with excellent overall health status, there was no greater risk of falling in adults 85 years and older compared to those 65–84 years of age. Conclusions Our results suggest that those with risk factors for falls and fall-related injuries may be appropriate targets for evidence-based fall prevention programs.

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Section: 1 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Risk factors for falls and fall-related injuries in adults 85 years of age and older

Grundstrom

Guse

Layde

2012

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics

154

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The NHLBI Obesity Education Initiative Expert and the US Preventive Services Task Force developed guidelines establishing the amount of physical activity necessary to promote weight loss and reduce comorbidities. They generally consist of at least 30 min of aerobic activity daily, amounting to an energy expenditure of 2,500 to 3,500 kcal per week [8]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Following Bariatric Surgery: Systematic Review

et al. 2010

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The contribution of physical activity on the degree of weight loss following bariatric surgery is unclear. To determine impact of exercise on postoperative weight loss. Medline search (1988–2009) was completed using MeSH terms including bariatric procedures and a spectrum of patient factors with potential relationship to weight loss outcomes. Of the 934 screened articles, 14 reported on exercise and weight loss outcomes. The most commonly used instruments to measure activity level were the Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and a variety of self-made questionnaires. The definition of an active patient varied but generally required a minimum of 30 min of exercise at least 3 days per week. Thirteen articles reported on exercise and degree of postoperative weight loss (n = 4,108 patients). Eleven articles found a positive association of exercise on postoperative weight loss, and two did not. Meta-analysis of three studies revealed a significant increase in 1-year postoperative weight loss (mean difference = 4.2% total body mass index (BMI) loss, 95% confidence interval (CI; 0.26–8.11)) for patients who exercise postoperatively. Exercise following bariatric surgery appears to be associated with a greater weight loss of over 4% of BMI. While a causal relationship cannot be established with observational data, this finding supports the continued efforts to encourage and support patients’ involvement in post-surgery exercise. Further research is necessary to determine the recommended activity guidelines for this patient population.

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“…23,24 All adverse events were to be recorded, including orthosis breakage or new-onset pain occurring when first adopting the foot orthoses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Relationships among Foot Orthoses Use, Physical Activity, and Functional Level

Wong

Weil

Zoch

2014

JPO Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics

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Individuals with obesity have reduced activity levels and increased incidence of knee arthritis and pes planus. Foot orthoses can affect lower-limb alignment to reduce pain in nonobese individuals. Evidence to support using foot orthoses for obese people, although often recommended, remains lacking. This pilot study determined the feasibility of prescribing foot orthoses for obese people; effect sizes for calculation of future sample sizes; and relationships among foot orthoses use, physical activity, and functional level. This repeated-measures study included nine people with obesity (body mass index [BMI] Q 30 kg/m 2 ) prescribed with semicustom foot orthoses using arch classifications derived from arch index values. Self-reported data collected at baseline and 1 year were used to determine relationships among foot orthoses use, physical activity, and functional levels. Eight of nine subjects adhered to the foot orthoses prescription. Rate of foot orthoses use and physical activity level as self-reported on the Physical Activity Level (PAL) scale significantly increased, whereas functional level did not. Effect sizes ranged from large for PAL to small for the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS). Changes in ability to walk a mile were strongly associated with changes in rate of foot orthoses use and reductions in BMI. Larger studies to determine the effect of physical activity and foot orthoses use in obese people are warranted. (J Prosthet Orthot. 2014;26:216Y219.)KEY INDEXING TERMS: foot orthoses, exercise, obesity, patient compliance, weight reduction programs O besity has been associated with the incidence of orthopedic disorders such as pes planus, knee malalignment, and osteoarthritis. 1Y3 Compared with healthy-weight individuals, people with obesity were twice as likely to have chronic pain and severely obese people were four times as likely to have chronic pain. 4 Lower-quarter pain may be linked through the interrelated joint alignments of the foot, knee, and lower kinetic chain. 5 For instance, pes planus has occurred with lower-limb dysfunction and was correlated with osteoarthritis-related knee pain in people with obesity. 6 Obese individuals were 2.7 times more likely to have pes planus and 3.2 times more likely to have knee osteoarthritis than nonobese people. 7,8 Once knee malalignment has developed, the progression increased with each 2-unit body mass index (BMI) increase. 9 Foot orthoses have altered the alignment and biomechanics of the foot and the ankle, 10 the lower leg, 5 the knee, 11 the hip, and the pelvis. 12 Such biomechanical changes may explain observed reductions in back, 13 knee arthritis, 14 and foot pain 15 in nonobese individuals. Because reduced physical activity and functional levels associated with obesity may be associated with orthopedic conditions, 16 foot orthoses have been recommended within the conservative care for people with obesity. 17 However, limited evidence supports using foot orthoses to increase physical activity level in people with obesity or to reduce or...

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Exercise and Obesity

Cited by 48 publications

References 64 publications

Risk factors for falls and fall-related injuries in adults 85 years of age and older

Risk factors for falls and fall-related injuries in adults 85 years of age and older

Exercise Following Bariatric Surgery: Systematic Review

Potential Relationships among Foot Orthoses Use, Physical Activity, and Functional Level

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