Exercise and Obesity

Baak, Marleen A. van

doi:10.1002/9780470987087.ch24

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 82 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A combination of resistance training as well as aerobic exercise, 45 -60 min on most days, is needed to optimise the reduction in visceral adiposity, decrease the percentage body fat and increase the percentage muscle mass 80 . Stakeholders from government (Departments of Education, Health and Safety and Security) need to understand factors contributing to decreased physical activity among children, as well as adults, and the effects of inactivity on health.…”

Section: Lifestyle Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity in South Africa: challenges for government and health professionals

Kruger

Puoane

Senekal

et al. 2005

Public Health Nutr.

162

161

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: To review data on the prevalence, causes and health consequences of obesity in South Africa and propose interventions to prevent and treat obesity and related outcomes. Methods: Data from existing literature were reviewed with an emphasis on changing eating and activity patterns, cultural factors, perceptions and beliefs, urbanisation and globalisation. Results of studies on the health consequences of obesity in South Africans are also reviewed. Results: Shifts in dietary intakes and activity patterns to higher fat intakes and lower physical activity are contributing to a higher prevalence of obesity. Few overweight black women view themselves as overweight, and some associate thinness with HIV/AIDS. Glucose and lipid toxicity, associated with insulin resistance, play roles in the pathogenesis of the co-morbid diseases of obesity. Elevated free fatty acids in the black population predispose obese black patients to type 2 diabetes. Conclusion and recommendations: Obesity prevention and treatment should be based on education, behaviour change, political support, intersectoral collaboration and community participation, local actions, wide inclusion of the population, adequately resourced programmes, infiltration of existing initiatives, evidence-based planning, and proper monitoring and evaluation. Interventions should have the following components: reasonable weight goals, healthful eating, physical activity and behavioural change. Genes and mutations affecting susceptibility to the development of co-morbidities of obesity and vulnerable periods of life for the development of obesity should be prioritised. Prevention should be managed in community services, identification of high-risk patients in primary healthcare services and treatment of co-morbid diseases in hospital services.

show abstract

Section: Lifestyle Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity in South Africa: challenges for government and health professionals

Kruger

Puoane

Senekal

et al. 2005

Public Health Nutr.

162

161

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Physical activity is also helpful in the treatment of obesity and prevents excessive accumulation of fatty tissue in the body. The benefits of increased physical activity include: fat loss, increased muscle and bone mass, reversal of the undesirable decrease in resting energy expenditure caused by a bad diet, reduction of elevated insulin levels, improved glucose tolerance and lipid profile, improved fitness, reduction of resting and exercise blood pressure and heart rate, easier long-term maintenance of a dietary regime, improvement of general well-being and mental health; improvement of emotional state, including reduction of depressive moods and anxiety (Brownell, Wadden, 1999;van Baak, Saris, 1999).…”

Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of genetic and environmental factors impacting on obesity

Kopiniak

Rębacz-Maron

2018

Acta Biologica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: excess body weight in the populations of both developed and developing countries has been a health, social and economic issue for more than 30 years. The causes of overweight and obesity are complex and rooted in many different factors. The reasons why people gain weight need to be explored to prevent obesity-related diseases, to improve the quality of life and health status in the populations. Aim: to discuss genetic and environmental factors impacting on obesity. Materials and methods: a literature-based meta-analysis. Results: various factors contributing to excessive weight gain need to be explored; obesity prevention measures should include health-promoting education, changing eating habits in families as well as recipes and menu options in catering, and also by encouraging sports activity at every ontogenetic stage. Patients with genetic susceptibility to obesity should be supported in prophylaxis through education, elimination measures (diet) and the necessary pharmacological management so that they can remain active and independent for as long as possible. Conclusions: overweight and obesity are now a global problem. In only two generations, health complications due to excess adiposity have become hard to ignore. The process is parallel to the progress of civilisation, with the related stress, processed food, lack of exercise, insufficient sleep. Today, people have access to many modern conveniences in everyday life, and therefore more time for leisure, but still, maintaining normal (healthy) weight is becoming increasingly difficult. Metaanaliza czynników genetycznych i środowiskowych wpływających na otyłośćSłowa kluczowe otyłość, czynniki środowiskowe, choroby cywilizacyjne, czynniki genetyczne Streszczenie Tło: nadmierna masa ciała mieszkańców państw rozwiniętych i rozwijających się jest problemem zdrowotnym, społecznym i ekonomicznym od ponad 30 lat. Przyczyny nadwagi i otyłości są złożone i mają niejedno podłoże. Należy szukać powodów tycia w celu zapobiegania chorobom powiązanych z otyłością, aby podnieść jakość życia i stan zdrowia społeczeństw. Cel: omówienie czynników genetycznych i środowiskowych mających wpływ na otyłość. Materiał i metoda: metaanaliza na podstawie piśmiennictwa. Wyniki: należy szukać przyczyn nadmiernego tycia na różnych aspektach; zapobiegać otyłości poprzez informację prozdrowotną, zmianę nawyków żywieniowych w rodzinach, w żywieniu zbiorowym, a także zachęcać do działań prosportowych na każdym etapie ontogenezy. Pacjentów z otyłością uwarunkowaną #0# Agata Kopiniak, Ewa Rębacz-Maron 96 genetycznie należy wspierać w profilaktyce poprzez edukację, działania eliminacyjne (dieta) i konieczne leczenie farmakologiczne, tak aby chorzy jak najdłużej byli aktywni i samodzielni.Podsumowanie: nadwaga i otyłość to obecnie problem ogólnoświatowy. Zaledwie w ciągu dwóch pokoleń notuje się powikłania zdrowotne z powodu nadmiernego otłuszczenia. Proces ten jest równoległy z rozwojem cywilizacyjnym, związanym z nim stresem, przetworzoną żywnością, brakiem ruchu, zbyt małą ilości...

show abstract

“…Energy expenditure may remain elevated for some time during recovery from exercise. Estimations of this increased energy expenditure or EPOC vary between 125 and 625 kJ, depending on the duration and intensity of exercise 18,22,23 , but total EPOC is always smaller then the amount of energy expended during the exercise bout itself. EPOC can therefore not fully explain the excess increase in TEE.…”

Section: Physical Activity and 24 H Energy Expenditurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reason for this difference is not fully clear. Longitudinal training studies in majority show no effect on REE measured between 12 and 96 h after the last training session 11,18 . DEE also does not seem to be affected by exercise training [19][20][21] , although the data are not fully consistent 18 .…”

Section: Physical Activity and 24 H Energy Expenditurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Longitudinal training studies in majority show no effect on REE measured between 12 and 96 h after the last training session 11,18 . DEE also does not seem to be affected by exercise training [19][20][21] , although the data are not fully consistent 18 . This suggests that either the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) associated with the exercise bouts or increased nontraining physical activity (or a combination) are responsible for the extra rise in TEE.…”

Section: Physical Activity and 24 H Energy Expenditurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Physical activity and energy balance

Baak

1999

Public Health Nutr.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Energy expenditure rises above resting energy expenditure when physical activity is performed. The activity-induced energy expenditure varies with the muscle mass involved and the intensity at which the activity is performed: it ranges between 2 and 18 METs approximately. Differences in duration, frequency and intensity of physical activities may create considerable variations in total energy expenditure. The Physical Activity Level (= total energy expenditure divided by resting energy expenditure) varies between 1.2 and 2.2-2.5 in healthy adults. Increases in activity-induced energy expenditure have been shown to result in increases in total energy expenditure, which are usually greater than the increase in activity-induced energy expenditure itself. No evidence for increased spontaneous physical activity, measured by diary, interview or accelerometer, was found. However, this does not exclude increased physical activity that can not be measured by these methods. Part of the difference may also be explained by the post-exercise elevation of metabolic rate.If changes in the level of physical activity affect energy balance, this should result in changes in body mass or body composition. Modest decreases of body mass and fat mass are found in response to increases in physical activity, induced by exercise training, which are usually smaller than predicted from the increase in energy expenditure. This indicates that the training-induced increase in total energy expenditure is at least partly compensated for by an increase in energy intake. There is some evidence that the coupling between energy expenditure and energy intake is less at low levels of physical activity. Increasing the level of physical activity for weight loss may therefore be most effective in the most sedentary individuals. KeywordsExercise Energy expenditure Substrate utilization Body mass Body composition Key messagesX Regular exercise increases total daily energy expenditure. X Energy intake is better balanced to energy expenditure at moderate to high levels of physical activity than at low (or very high) levels of physical activity. X A moderate to high level of physical activity reduces the risk of weight (re)gain and obesity.

show abstract

Exercise and Obesity

Cited by 9 publications

References 82 publications

Obesity in South Africa: challenges for government and health professionals

Obesity in South Africa: challenges for government and health professionals

A meta-analysis of genetic and environmental factors impacting on obesity

Physical activity and energy balance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About