Exercise and Obesity

Bouchard, Claude; Depres, Jean-Pierre; Tremblay, Angelo

doi:10.1002/j.1550-8528.1993.tb00603.x

Cited by 175 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…In contrast to men for whom intra-abdominal obesity is readily reduced by physical exercise, 43,44 women appear to require a substantial loss of total and subcutaneous body fat before they diminish their visceral fat stores. 45 Previous cross-sectional studies of white populations found that leisure-time physical activity was associated with smaller decrements in the WHR among women than among men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Contrasting factors associated with abdominal and peripheral weight gain among adult women

1997

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OBJECTIVE: To identify contrasts between the risk factors associated with abdominal weight gain and those associated with peripheral weight gain. DESIGN: Prospective mail survey. SUBJECTS: 44 080 white, non-Hispanic, healthy women who were questioned in 1982 (baseline age 40±54 y) and 1992 about weight, diet, alcohol use, smoking, 10 physical activities and other variables. MEASUREMENTS: Self reports in 1992 identi®ed 4261 women who gained weight in the abdomen and 7440 women who gained in the periphery (sites other than the abdomen). Using identical logistic models adjusted for age, baseline body mass index (BMI) and numerous covariates, the abdominal-gain group and the peripheral-gain group were separately compared with 10 888 women who did not gain weight.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Contrasting factors associated with abdominal and peripheral weight gain among adult women

1997

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“…For example, high BMI has been associated with subsequent physical inactivity. 31 However, although people who are obese are usually inactive, 32 body composition, in terms of percentage body fat, is not a powerful predictor of PA habits. 30 In an intervention, baseline BMI was not significantly related to changes in step number.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The inverse relationship between number of steps per day and obesity in a population-based sample – the AusDiab study

Dwyer

Hosmer

et al. 2006

Int J Obes

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Background: Physical activity (PA) is inversely associated with obesity but the effect has been difficult to quantify using questionnaires. In particular, the shape of the association has not yet been well described. Pedometers provide an opportunity to better characterize the association. Methods: Residents of households over the age of 25 years in randomly selected census districts in Tasmania were eligible to participate in the AusDiab cross-sectional survey conducted in 1999-2000. 1848 completed the AusDiab survey and 1126 of these (609 women and 517 men) wore a pedometer for 2-weekdays. Questionnaire data on recent PA, TV time and other factors were obtained. The outcomes were waist circumference (in cm) and body mass index (BMI) (kg/m 2 ). Results: Increasing daily steps were associated with a decline in the obesity measures. The logarithmic nature of the associations was indicated by a sharper decline for those with lower daily steps. For example, an additional 2000 steps for those taking only 2000 steps per day was associated with a reduction of 2.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1,4.4) cm in waist circumference among men (for women; 2.2 (95% CI: 0.6, 3.9 cm)) with a baseline of only 2000, steps compared to a 0.7 (95% CI 0.3, 1.1) cm reduction (for women; 0.6 (95% CI: 0.2, 1.0)) for those already walking 10 000 steps daily. In the multivariable analysis, clearer associations were detected for PA and these obesity measures using daily step number rather than PA time by questionnaire. Interpretation: Pedometer measures of activity indicate that the inverse association between recent PA and obesity is logarithmic in form with the greatest impact for a given arithmetic step number increase seen at lower levels of baseline activity. The findings from this study need to be examined in prospective settings.

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“…3 Current weight loss recommendations advise decreasing caloric intake and increasing physical activity to generate an overall negative energy balance and are based on extensive research demonstrating the independent benefits of both behaviors on weight control. [4][5][6] What emphasis to place on diet vs physical activity in addressing clinical and public health needs has not been resolved and invites the question of which behavioral change or combination of behavioral changes is most effective and realistic. Assessment of the relative benefits of dietary changes and increased exercise on weight loss are largely based on comparisons between program types and would suggest that dietary changes are more effective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The comparative and cumulative effects of a dietary restriction and exercise on weight loss

et al. 2005

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Objective: To assess the independence of changes made in diet and physical activity for weight loss; and, to examine the comparative and cumulative effects of these behavioral changes on weight loss outcomes. Design: The observational study is based on longitudinal data collected from 674 women and 288 men enrolled in a 2-year weight loss program introduced into a managed care setting. Measurements: The outcome variable was body mass index (BMI) change from baseline to 2-year follow-up. Primary independent variables were changes in physical activity and dietary fat intake, assessed as continuous measures using the Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire and Block Fat Screener Questionnaire, respectively. Two-way ANCOVA was used to assess the relative effect on BMI of behavioral changes. Results: Study results showed no preference for diet or physical activity change as a weight loss strategy. For both genders, the relationship between the two behaviors was synergistic rather than compensatory. Examination of the comparative benefits of behavioral changes indicated that, for women and men, restricting fat intake was more effective than increasing exercise for weight loss. While fat restrictions alone contributed to weight loss in both genders, exercise alone provided weight loss benefits to men, only. The cumulative effect of weight loss behaviors varied by gender. In women, an interaction was observed. The response of weight to fat restriction was greater among those who increased their exercise moderately or substantially. In men, there was no interaction; exercise increases helped to offset weight gain or provided small weight loss benefits at all levels of dietary fat change. Conclusion: Dietary changes appeared to be more effective than increased physical activity for weight loss. For women, the cumulative effect of concomitant changes in diet and exercise on weight loss was more than additive.

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Exercise and Obesity

Cited by 175 publications

References 109 publications

Contrasting factors associated with abdominal and peripheral weight gain among adult women

Contrasting factors associated with abdominal and peripheral weight gain among adult women

The inverse relationship between number of steps per day and obesity in a population-based sample – the AusDiab study

The comparative and cumulative effects of a dietary restriction and exercise on weight loss

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