Exercise and Sarcopenia

Phu, Steven; Boersma, Derek; Duque, Gustavo

doi:10.1016/j.jocd.2015.04.011

Cited by 169 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Supervised or group exercise programs may be preferable for elders, with regard to both safety and compliance [13,14].…”

Section: Type Of Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It requires primarily the use of oxygen to meet energy demands through aerobic metabolism. This aims to improve the cardio-respiratory fitness, body composition and cardio-metabolic health [13][14][15][16][17]. Jogging, swimming, water aerobics, dancing or bicycle riding are some modalities of aerobic exercise.…”

Section: Aerobic Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The progressive resistance exercise constitutes the ideal type of exercise for sarcopenia [13,14]. It comprises lifting weights, working with resistance bands, doing calisthenics using body weight for resistance and other modalities.…”

Section: Progressive Resistance Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise for Sarcopenia in the Elderly: What Kind, Which Role?

Zão¹

2018

RISM

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Introduction: Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength associated with ageing. Regular exercise has been indicated to be the only strategy which consistently improves sarcopenia and physical function in elderly. The aims of this study are to review the mechanisms of sarcopenia and to evaluate the role of exercise in the elderly with sarcopenia and the current recommendations about the exercise interventions.Discussion: Exercise significantly improve mobility, functionality, muscle mass, bone mineral density, balance and proprioception; thus, decreasing the risk of falls, increasing quality of life and reducing morbidity and mortality. Different types of exercise may be of interest in patients with sarcopenia: aerobic, progressive resistance, flexibility and balance training. Supervised or group exercise programs may be preferable for elders, with regard to both safety and compliance. Conclusion:Sarcopenia is a strong predictor of disability, morbidity, and mortality in elderly. Anaerobic exercise seems to be the most important tool to prevent and treat sarcopenia.

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“…Supervised or group exercise programs may be preferable for elders, with regard to both safety and compliance [13,14].…”

Section: Type Of Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aerobic Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise for Sarcopenia in the Elderly: What Kind, Which Role?

Zão¹

2018

RISM

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“…Exercise training is considered an effective instrumental to prevent and decrease risk factor of insulin resistance, metabolic dysfunction, and muscle atrophy [44]. Induction Induction of UPR has been found in skeletal muscle of myophthies patients, in mice but not humans fed a high fat diet [36], and with a combination of bed rest and exogenous insulin administration [45].…”

Section: Er Stress and Autophagy By Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Training Effects in Aging and Obesity

2018

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IntroductionThe increase in body fat and decrease in muscle mass during aging are associated with physical deterioration and degenerative diseases and cause obesity via the accumulation of abdominal fat. This increases insulin resistance as well as the production of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α; interleukin-4, IL-4; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MCP-1), which cause inflammation, and adipocytokines, which promote catabolism in muscles, thereby reducing muscle/ myo-function. These processes lead to obesity and ultimately to insulin resistance syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Considering the recent domestic trend characterized by a rapidly aging population owing to an extension in the average life span and change in the population composition, it is necessary to analyze sarcopenic obesity and insulin resistance and to develop strategies for active prevention.In this review, the effects of aerobic exercise training, one of the major preventative methods for obesity, on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and sarcopenic obesity caused by obesity and aging as well as insulin resistance syndrome were determined to analyze the correlations between these phenotypes. Asian J Kinesiol 2018; 20(3):1-10· DOI: https://doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2018.20.3 Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress associated with sarcopenic obesity in obesity and aging, which is a key factor in insulin resistance, are highly related. Long-term exercise training reduces ER stress via the activation of JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) and reduction of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα) decomposition and improves insulin resistance. Sarcopenia is associated with multiple factors, including increased pro-inflammation cytokine, oxidative stress, ER stress and fat infiltration as well as reduced mitochondrial function. Interaction between unfold protein response (UPR) and autophagy may play an important role to maintain the muscle protein quality control. The key factor in protein synthesis pathway for protein quality control is mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), indeed aging impairs contraction-induced human skeletal muscle mTORC1 signaling and protein synthesis. During exercise, mTOR pathway might be decreased that may result in an increase autophagy, because mTOR is a negative feedback factor for autophagy. Particularly, increased mTOR after exercise will be decrease autophagy. However, the effects of specific exercise training programs (type, intensity, time, frequency, etc.) and the mechanisms underlying these relationships are unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the mechanisms of diabetes mellitus, focusing on sarcopenic obesity in obesity and aging, ER stress, and insulin resistance, and to analyze the effects of exercise training from a molecular biological perspective. ABSTRACT

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“…Muscular dysfunctions including sarcopenia syndrome may trigger locomotive dysfunctions and are caused by declines in muscular mass and metabolism, which are induced by aging or insufficient daily exercise [1][2][3][4][5]. Therefore, continual exercise is necessary in order to prevent locomotive dysfunctions [6][7][8][9]. In addition, supportive strategies to enhance exercise performance such as ingestion of nutrients may be effective.…”

Section: Backgroundsmentioning

confidence: 99%