Exercise Attenuates Renal Dysfunction with Preservation of Myocardial Function in Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Previous studies have suggested that exercise improves renal and cardiac functions in patients with chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of long-term aerobic swimming exercise with overload on renal and cardiac function in rats with 5/6 nefrectomy (5/6Nx). Eight Wistar rats were placed into 4 groups: Control (C), Control+Exercise (E), Sedentary 5/6Nx (NxS) and 5/6Nx+Exercise (NxE). The rats were subjected to swimming exercise sessions with overload for 30 min five days per week for five weeks. Exercise reduced the effect of 5/6Nx on creatinine clearance compared to the NxS group. In addition, exercise minimized the increase in mean proteinuria compared to the NxS group (96.9±10.0 vs. 51.4±9.9 mg/24 h; p<0.05). Blood pressure was higher in the NxS and NxE groups compared to the C and E groups (216±4 and 178±3 vs. 123±2 and 124±2 mm Hg, p<0.05). In the 200 glomeruli that were evaluated, the NxS group had a higher sclerosis index than did the NxE group (16% vs. 2%, p<0.05). Echocardiography demonstrated a higher anterior wall of the left ventricle (LV) in diastole in the NxS group compared with the C, E and NxE groups. The NxS group also had a higher LV posterior wall in diastole and systole compared with the E group. The developed isometric tension in Lmax of the heart papillary muscle was lower in the NxS group compared with the C, E and NxE groups. These results suggested that exercise in 5/6Nx animals might reduce the progression of renal disease and lessen the cardiovascular impact of a reduction in renal mass.

Akt1-Mediated Fast/Glycolytic Skeletal Muscle Growth Attenuates Renal Damage in Experimental Kidney Disease

“…31 Swimming exercise reduced the progression of renal disease in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. 32 Previous exercise training also protects against the progression of diabetic nephropathy produced by streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. 33 Most of these studies were intended to mimic the aerobic endurance type of exercise training.…”

<p>Attenuated Renal and Hepatic Cells Apoptosis Following Swimming Exercise Supplemented with Garlic Extract in Old Rats</p>

“…19 The protective role of exercise training on renal damage has been reported in pervious works. 16,20,21 We also considered the effects of SW exercise training alone or supplemented with garlic on renal and hepatic cells apoptotic biomarkers. Interestingly, our data demonstrated that SW exercise, particularly combined with garlic supplementation, enhances the renal and hepatic Bcl-2 levels and reduces the mean value of BAX.…”

“… 19 The protective role of exercise training on renal damage has been reported in pervious works. 16 , 20 , 21 …”

Regular swimming exercise performed either before or after the induction of renovascular hypertension alleviates oxidative renal injury in rats

“…Moderate and regular exercise has attenuated aging-associated mitochondrial dysfunction (40), improved cognitive performance (41) and memory (42) and positively affected emotional aspects of behavior, resulting in better responses to acute or chronic stressor exposures (43).It was shown that exercise training in rats improved cardiac function following myocardial infarction (44), attenuated endotoxemia-induced lung damage (45) and reduced the progression of renal disease (46). In accordance with these, swimming exercise ameliorated RVH-induced oxidative damage of the kidneys via the inhibition of neutrophil infiltration.…”