Exercise Capacity and Selected Physiological Factors by Ancestry and Residential Altitude: Cross-Sectional Studies of 9–10-Year-Old Children in Tibet

Bianba,; Berntsen, Sveinung; Andersen, Lars Bo; Stigum, Hein; Ouzhuluobu,; Nafstad, Per; Wu, Tianyi; Bjertness, Espen

doi:10.1089/ham.2013.1084

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Another possible source of underestimation of the RNI is the physical activity level (PAL) of the children. Although it has neither been measured in this study, nor has it ever been reported to the best of our knowledge, several studies revealed a high exercise capacity of the Tibetan children [26]. Anyway, this energy deficit most likely results in underweight, growth retardation, and stunting, which are widely observed among Tibetan children [6,7,27].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Minerals and Trace Elements Intakes and Food Consumption Patterns of Young Children Living in Rural Areas of Tibet Autonomous Region, P.R. China: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Dermience

Mathieu²,

et al. 2017

Healthcare

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Background and objectives: Several studies revealed clinical signs of stunting and rickets among rural populations of Tibet Autonomous Region (T.A.R.), and especially amid children. Further, these populations are affected by a bone disease named Kashin-Beck disease (KBD). However, little is known about the dietary status of this population. This survey aimed to assess the usual intakes of young Tibetan children living in rural areas around Lhasa for energy, water, and ten minerals and trace elements (Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Se) involved in bone metabolism. Design: A cross-sectional survey was designed. Totally, 250 pre-school children aged 3–5 years living in rural areas were enrolled. The 24-h food recall method was used to collect the intakes for two days, during two different seasons (September 2012 and April 2013). Because Tibetan foods are mainly derived from local agriculture and artisanal production, a combination of food composition tables was compiled, including specific and local food composition data. Results: The Chinese dietary recommended intakes are not met for most of the elements investigated. Intake of sodium is much too high, while usual intakes are too low for K, Ca, Zn, Cu, and Se. Bioavailability of Ca, Fe, and Zn may be of concern due to the high phytic acid content in the diet. Conclusion: These nutrient imbalances may impact growth and bone metabolism of young Tibetan children. The advantages of the implementation of food diversification programs are discussed as well as the relevance of supplements distribution.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Minerals and Trace Elements Intakes and Food Consumption Patterns of Young Children Living in Rural Areas of Tibet Autonomous Region, P.R. China: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Dermience

Mathieu²,

et al. 2017

Healthcare

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“…Data were collected from a structured questionnaire and clinical examination, and we applied similar methods in the studies in Lhasa and Tingri, previously described by Bianba et al 15 The data collections were conducted indoors from August to November 2005 in Lhasa, and from September to October 2007 in Tingri.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometric Measures of 9- to 10-Year-Old Native Tibetan Children Living at 3700 and 4300 m Above Sea Level and Han Chinese Living at 3700 m

et al. 2015

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A high residential altitude impacts on the growth of children, and it has been suggested that linear growth (height) is more affected than body mass. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of obesity, overweight, underweight, and stunting in groups of native Tibetan children living at different residential altitudes (3700 vs 4300 m above sea level) and across ancestry (native Tibetan vs Han Chinese children living at the same altitude of 3700 m), as well as to examine the total effect of residential altitude and ancestry with stunting.Two cross-sectional studies of 1207 school children aged 9 to 10 years were conducted in Lhasa in 2005 and Tingri in 2007. Conventional age- and sex-specific cutoff values were used for defining underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obesity, whereas stunting was defined from sex-specific height-for-age z-scores (≤−2.0).The prevalence of underweight was high at 36.7% among Tingri Tibetan girls and 31.1% in Tingri Tibetan boys. The prevalence was statistically significant lower in Lhasa Tibetan girls (20.2%) than in both Tingri Tibetan girls and Han Chinese girls (33.7%), with a similar trend seen among boys. Severe and moderate stunting were found in 14.6% and 35.7%, respectively, of Tingri children, and near null among Han Chinese and native Tibetans in Lhasa. In logistic regression analyses, socioeconomic status and diet did not substantially change the observed crude association (total effect) (odds ratio [OR] = 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–10.3) between ancestry and stunting. Similarly, adjustment for diet did not alter the crude association (direct effect) (OR = 101.3; 95% CI 37.1–276.4) between residential altitude and stunting.The prevalence estimates of stunting and underweight were high, and clearly higher among native Tibetan children living at a higher residential altitude (Tingri) than the lower residential altitude (Lhasa), in addition to being higher among Han Chinese children than Tibetan children living at the same residential altitude (Lhasa). Thus, physical growth according to age, in terms of both height and weight, affected children living at an altitude of 4300 m above sea level.

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“…It should be noted that bicycles are extremely rare in the Khumbu Valley, owing to rugged terrain inhospitable to wheeled locomotion. In a previous study, exercise capacity was assessed in Tibetan children, covariate analysis revealed that the trait of "not owning a bicycle" accounted for a 3-6% reduction in peak wattage achieved (Bianba et al, 2014). We speculate that this likely played a role in our study, given that in all but one participant this was the first time cycling.…”

Section: Respiratory Responsesmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Although early studies suggested a blunting of the hypoxic ventilatory response in Sherpa Milledge and Lahiri, 1967), a recent comprehensive review (Gilbert-Kawai et al, 2014) concluded that the hypoxic ventilatory response at rest of Tibetans/Sherpa was not different from lowlanders. Whether adaptations are developmental in origin is poorly understood and data for children living in the Tibetan plateau are sparse; however, there is evidence that Sherpa and Tibetan children have a higher resting ventilation (VE), greater total lung capacity and pulmonary diffusion capacity and superior exercise capacity compared to non-native residents (Bianba et al, 2014;de Meer et al, 1995;Simonson, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UBC-Nepal Expedition: Cerebrovascular Responses to Exercise in Sherpa Children Residing at High Altitude

Rieger

Nowak‐Flück

Morris

et al. 2019

High Altitude Medicine & Biology

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Understanding the process of successful adaptation to high altitude provides valuable insight into the pathogenesis of conditions associated with impaired oxygen uptake and utilization. Prepubertal children residing at low altitude show a reduced cerebrovascular response to exercise in comparison to adults, and a transient uncoupling of cerebral blood flow to changes in the partial pressure of end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2); however, little is known about the cerebrovascular response to exercise in high-altitude native children. We sought to compare the cerebral hemodynamic response to acute exercise between prepubertal children residing at high and low altitude. Prepubertal children (n=32; 17 female) of Sherpa descent (SC) at high altitude (3800m, Nepal) and maturational-matched (n=32; 20 female) children (LLC) residing at low altitude (342m, Canada). Ventilation, peripheral oxygenation (SpO2), PETCO2, and blood velocity in the middle and posterior cerebral arteries (MCAv and PCAv) were continuously measured during a graded cycling exercise test to exhaustion. At baseline, PETCO2 (-19±4mmHg, P<0.001), SpO2 (-6.0±2.1%, P<0.001), MCAv (-12±5%, P=0.02) and PCAv (-12±6%, P=0.04) were lower in SC when compared with LLC. Despite this, the relative change in MCAv and PCAv during exercise was similar between the two groups (P=0.99). Linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive relationship between changes in PETCO2 with MCAv in SC (r 2 = 0.13, P>0.001), but not in LLC (r 2 =0.03, P=0.10). Our findings demonstrate a similar increase in intra-cranial perfusion during exercise in prepubertal SC, despite differential baseline values and changes in PETCO2 and SpO2.

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Exercise Capacity and Selected Physiological Factors by Ancestry and Residential Altitude: Cross-Sectional Studies of 9–10-Year-Old Children in Tibet

Cited by 11 publications

References 44 publications

Minerals and Trace Elements Intakes and Food Consumption Patterns of Young Children Living in Rural Areas of Tibet Autonomous Region, P.R. China: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Minerals and Trace Elements Intakes and Food Consumption Patterns of Young Children Living in Rural Areas of Tibet Autonomous Region, P.R. China: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Anthropometric Measures of 9- to 10-Year-Old Native Tibetan Children Living at 3700 and 4300 m Above Sea Level and Han Chinese Living at 3700 m

UBC-Nepal Expedition: Cerebrovascular Responses to Exercise in Sherpa Children Residing at High Altitude

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