Exercise capacity in the elderly

Posner, Joel D.; Gorman, Kevin M.; Klein, Howard S.; Woldow, Asher

doi:10.1016/0002-9149(86)91027-1

Cited by 52 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…O 2 peak in our trained group was comparable to that reported by others and can reflect an important ability for adaptation at all ages (14,15,17). The major concern in exercise testing should be to determine whether the cardiorespiratory system is capable of providing the required amount of oxygen to the exercise-stressed muscles (7).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The maximum cardiac output also declines progressively because of an associated reduction in maximum HR (17,21). An important point to be considered is that the V .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…O 2 peak can be improved with exercise training of sufficient duration, frequency, and intensity (15,17,18,34,42,43). The increase in V…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Limitations related to a reduction in maximum cardiac output appear to play an important role in age-dependent changes in aerobic transport during exercise (9)(10)(11)(12)(13). While many studies have characterized the cardiovascular responses in middleaged men, the autonomic control of HR in this particular group during exercise has received much less attention (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiorespiratory adaptations induced by aerobic training in middle-aged men: the importance of a decrease in sympathetic stimulation for the contribution of dynamic exercise tachycardia

Chacon-Mikahil

Forti²,

Catai

et al. 1998

Braz J Med Biol Res

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We investigated the effects of aerobic training on the efferent autonomic control of heart rate (HR) during dynamic exercise in middleaged men, eight of whom underwent exercise training (T) while the other seven continued their sedentary (S) life style. The training was conducted over 10 months (three 1-h/sessions/week on a field track at 70-85% of the peak HR). The contribution of sympathetic and parasympathetic exercise tachycardia was determined in terms of differences in the time constant effects on the HR response obtained using a discontinuous protocol (4-min tests at 25, 50, 100 and 125 watts on a cycle ergometer), and a continuous protocol (25 watts/min until exhaustion) allowed the quantification of the parameters (anaerobic threshold, V . O 2 AT; peak O 2 uptake, V . O 2 peak; power peak) that reflect oxygen transport. The results obtained for the S and the T groups were: 1) a smaller resting HR in T (66 beats/min) when compared to S (84 beats/min); 2) during exercise, a small increase in the fast tachycardia (∆0-10 s) related to vagal withdrawal (P<0.05, only at 25 watts) was observed in T at all powers; at middle and higher powers a significant decrease (P<0.05 at 50, 100 and 125 watts) in the slow tachycardia (∆1-4 min) related to a sympathetic-dependent mechanism was observed in T; 3) the V. O 2 AT (S = 1.06 and T = 1.33 l/min) and V . O 2 peak (S = 1.97 and T = 2.47 l/min) were higher in T (P<0.05). These results demonstrate that aerobic training can induce significant physiological adaptations in middle-aged men, mainly expressed as a decrease in the sympathetic effects on heart rate associated with an increase in oxygen transport during dynamic exercise.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The maximum cardiac output also declines progressively because of an associated reduction in maximum HR (17,21). An important point to be considered is that the V .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…O 2 peak can be improved with exercise training of sufficient duration, frequency, and intensity (15,17,18,34,42,43). The increase in V…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cardiorespiratory adaptations induced by aerobic training in middle-aged men: the importance of a decrease in sympathetic stimulation for the contribution of dynamic exercise tachycardia

Chacon-Mikahil

Forti²,

Catai

et al. 1998

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…Although this decline in aerobic capacity with increasing age is often considered to be inevitable, it seems that this fall can be decelerated, maintained, or even reversed in the elderly by maintaining a high level of physical activity (Faulkner et al 2008;Fujimoto et al 2010;Grimsmo et al 2010;Heath et al 1981;McGuire et al 2001b;Murias et al 2010;Osteras et al 2005;Posner et al 1986;Rogers et al 1990;Trappe et al 2013;Trappe et al 1996). Indeed, marathon running times of approximately 2.5 h or less, documented in males older than 60 years of age, reveal that a VO 2max of ∼70 mL min kg −1 (Helgerud 1994;Tokmakidis et al 1987), a high value exhibited by young endurance athletes at the peak of their careers, is still feasible with increasing age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise-training-induced changes in metabolic capacity with age: the role of central cardiovascular plasticity

Wang

Næss

Hoff

et al. 2013

AGE

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Although aging is typically associated with a decline in maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max ), young and old subjects, of similar initial muscle metabolic capacity, increased quadriceps VO 2max equally when this small muscle mass was trained in isolation. As it is unclear if this preserved exercise-induced plasticity with age is still evident with centrally challenging whole body exercise, we assessed maximal exercise responses in 13 young (24±2 years) and 13 old (60± 3 years) males, matched for cycling VO 2max (3.82±0.66 and 3.69±0.30 L min −1 , respectively), both before and after 8 weeks of high aerobic intensity cycle exercise training. As a consequence of the training both young and old significantly improved VO 2max (13±6 vs. 6± 7 %) and maximal power output (20±6 vs. 10±6 %, respectively) from baseline, however, the young exhibited a significantly larger increase than the old. Similarly, independently assessed maximal cardiac output (Q max ) tended to increase more in the young (16 ±14 %) than in the old (11±12 %), with no change in a-vO 2 difference in either group. Further examination of the components of Q max provided additional evidence of reduced exercise-induced plasticity in both maximal heart rate (young −3 %, old 0 %) and stroke volume (young 19± 15, old 11± 11 %) in the old. In combination, these findings imply that limited central cardiovascular plasticity may be responsible, at least in part, for the attenuated response to whole body exercise training with increasing age.

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Role of Exercise Stress Testing and Safety Monitoring for Older Persons Starting an Exercise Program

Gill

DiPietro²,

Krumholz³

2000

JAMA

115

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While the benefits of physical activity and exercise among older persons are becoming increasingly clear, the role of exercise stress testing and safety monitoring for older persons who want to start an exercise program is unclear. Current guidelines regarding exercise stress testing likely are not applicable to the majority of persons aged 75 years or older who are interested in restoring or enhancing their physical function through a program of physical activity and exercise. In addition to being expensive and of unproven benefit, the current policy of routine exercise stress testing potentially could deter many older persons from participating in an exercise program. Research is needed to investigate current physician practices, evaluate the risk of adverse cardiac events, determine the role of pharmacological stress testing, and measure and compare absolute and relative exercise intensities. To assist clinicians, we offer a set of recommendations regarding precautions that can be taken to minimize the risk of adverse cardiac events among previously sedentary older persons who do not have symptomatic cardiovascular disease and are interested in starting an exercise program. JAMA. 2000;284:342-349

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Exercise capacity in the elderly

Cited by 52 publications

References 42 publications

Cardiorespiratory adaptations induced by aerobic training in middle-aged men: the importance of a decrease in sympathetic stimulation for the contribution of dynamic exercise tachycardia

Cardiorespiratory adaptations induced by aerobic training in middle-aged men: the importance of a decrease in sympathetic stimulation for the contribution of dynamic exercise tachycardia

Exercise-training-induced changes in metabolic capacity with age: the role of central cardiovascular plasticity

Role of Exercise Stress Testing and Safety Monitoring for Older Persons Starting an Exercise Program

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