Exercise decreases defensive responses to unpredictable, but not predictable, threat

Lago, Tiffany R.; Hsiung, Abigail; Leitner, Brooks P.; Duckworth, Courtney J.; Chen, Kong Y.; Ernst, Monique; Grillon, Christian

doi:10.1002/da.22748

Cited by 10 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(184 reference statements)

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“…With regard to the other psychological variables analyzed (anxiety, depression, and stress), all of them significantly improved in the PEG. Improvements in anxiety may be due to the well-documented role of PE as a specific anxiety modulator [70]. In addition, anxiety has a direct relationship with pain acceptance [71], which, as discussed above, also improved in PEG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Low-Intensity Physical Exercise Improves Pain Catastrophizing and Other Psychological and Physical Aspects in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Izquierdo-Alventosa

Inglés

Cortés‐Amador

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic syndrome characterized by widespread pain and other physical and psychological features. In this study, we aimed to analyze the effect of a low-intensity physical exercise (PE) program, combining endurance training and coordination, on psychological aspects (i.e., pain catastrophizing, anxiety, depression, stress), pain perception (i.e., pain acceptance, pressure pain threshold (PPT), and quality of life and physical conditioning (i.e., self-perceived functional capacity, endurance and functional capacity, power and velocity) in women with FM. For this purpose, a randomized controlled trial was carried out. Thirty-two women with FM were randomly allocated to a PE group (PEG, n = 16), performing an eight-week low-intensity PE program and a control group (CG, n = 16). Pain catastrophizing, anxiety, depression, stress, pain acceptance, PPT, quality of life, self-perceived functional capacity, endurance and functional capacity, power, and velocity were assessed before and after the intervention. We observed a significant improvement in all studied variables in the PEG after the intervention (p < 0.05). In contrast, the CG showed no improvements in any variable, which further displayed poorer values for PPT (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a low-intensity combined PE program, including endurance training and coordination, improves psychological variables, pain perception, quality of life, and physical conditioning in women with FM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Low-Intensity Physical Exercise Improves Pain Catastrophizing and Other Psychological and Physical Aspects in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Izquierdo-Alventosa

Inglés

Cortés‐Amador

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…The results nevertheless highlight that individuals with AUD are a heterogeneous group and there may be AUD subtypes with unique treatment targets. More specifically, if individuals with AUD+Trauma are uniquely characterized by exaggerated reactivity to U-threat, psychosocial and pharmacological treatments that target defensive reactivity (e.g., prescribed exercise; Lago et al, 2018) may be particularly effectively for this population. Individuals with AUD-Trauma, who the results indicate endorse high levels of enhancement motives for alcohol use, may be better served by treatments that target positive reinforcing effects of alcohol and relatedly, the brain's reward system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpersonal trauma exposure and startle reactivity to uncertain threat in individuals with alcohol use disorder

Gorka

2020

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background: Exposure to interpersonal trauma is highly prevalent within individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD); however, the mechanisms underlying the pathway between trauma exposure and AUD are unclear. Preliminary evidence suggests that heightened reactivity to threats that are uncertain (U-threat) may characterize individuals with AUD and interpersonal trauma exposure and contribute to alcohol abuse within this subgroup of individuals; however, this hypothesis has yet to be tested. Method:The aim of the study was to examine whether heightened reactivity to U-threat characterizes individuals with AUD and a history of interpersonal trauma. Specifically, the study compared defensive reactivity to U-threat (and predictable threat [P-threat]) in those with: 1) AUD and a history of interpersonal trauma (AUD+Trauma); 2) AUD and no history of interpersonal trauma (AUD-Trauma); and 3) matched controls. Participants (N=77) completed a well-validated threat-of-shock task and startle eyeblink potentiation was collected as an index of aversive responding.Results: Results revealed a group by threat condition interaction (F[4, 142]=3.17, p=.03; η G 2 = .08) such that individuals with AUD+Trauma exhibited greater startle reactivity to U-threat, but not P-threat, compared with individuals with AUD-Trauma and controls (who did not differ from each other). The findings were significant even when controlling for current anxiety and depression symptoms.Conclusions: Within individuals with AUD, those with a history of interpersonal trauma exposure may be a neurobiologically unique subtype characterized by exaggerated U-threat

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“…Therefore, we set out to gather a large dataset of existing trait anxiety scores from labs across multiple institutions who routinely collect trait anxiety measures in their behavioural and MRI studies 1,25,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] . In order to control for possible confounds and examine interaction effects, we additionally collected the following variables: gender, age, whether and how participants were screened for affective/psychiatric disorders, and whether the study involved the presence of a stressor and/or pharmacological manipulation (see Methods for details).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How representative are neuroimaging samples? Large-scale evidence for trait anxiety differences between fMRI and behaviour-only research participants.

Charpentier¹,

Faulkner²,

Pool³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Over the past three decades, MRI has become a key tool to study how cognitive processes are implemented in the human brain. However, the question of whether participants recruited into MRI studies differ from participants recruited into other study contexts has received little to no attention. This is particularly pertinent when effects fail to generalize across study contexts: for example, if a behavioural effect discovered in a non-imaging context does not replicate in a neuroimaging environment. Here, we tested the hypothesis, motivated by preliminary findings (n=272), that MRI study participants differ from behaviour-only study participants on one fundamental individual difference variable: trait anxiety. Analysing a large-scale dataset drawn from multiple institutions (n=3317) and controlling for possible confounding variables, we found robust support for lower trait anxiety in MRI study participants, consistent with a sampling bias. Distributions of trait anxiety scores differed most markedly when psychiatric screening was minimal. Our findings highlight the need for surveying trait anxiety at recruitment and for appropriate screening procedures, in an attempt to mitigate this bias.

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Exercise decreases defensive responses to unpredictable, but not predictable, threat

Abstract: These results suggest that exercise reduces defensive response to unpredictable, but not predictable, threat, a dissociation that may help inform clinical indications for this behavioral intervention, as well as provide clues to its underlying neurobehavioral mechanisms.

Cited by 10 publications

References 79 publications

Low-Intensity Physical Exercise Improves Pain Catastrophizing and Other Psychological and Physical Aspects in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Low-Intensity Physical Exercise Improves Pain Catastrophizing and Other Psychological and Physical Aspects in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Interpersonal trauma exposure and startle reactivity to uncertain threat in individuals with alcohol use disorder

How representative are neuroimaging samples? Large-scale evidence for trait anxiety differences between fMRI and behaviour-only research participants.

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