Exercise, dietary intake, and body composition

Johnson, Ruth E.; Mastropaolo, Joseph A.; Wharton, Marion A.

doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(21)15276-9

Journal of the American Dietetic Association

1972

DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8223(21)15276-9

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Exercise, dietary intake, and body composition

Ruth E. Johnson

Joseph A. Mastropaolo

Marion A. Wharton

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Cited by 29 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…Three studies of exercising men report decreases in caloric intake (Holloszy, Skinner, Toro, & Cureton, 1964;Leon, Conrad, Hunninghake, & Serfass, 1979;Watt, Wiley, & Fletcher, 1976), but one study found concomitant increases in caloric intake (Demsey, 1964). Pertinent studies of exercising females found significant decreases (Johnson, Mastropaolo, & Wharton, 1972), increases (Stephanik, Bullen, Heald, & Mayer, 1961), or no change in postexercise caloric intake (Katch, Michael, & Jones, 1969). Furthermore, specific examinations of the relationship between exercise intensity and duration and caloric intake revealed that although increases in exercise intensity were related to increases in caloric intake (Epstein, Wing, & Thompson, 1978), no compensatory increase in caloric intake was related to increased energy expenditure and exercise duration (Woo, Garrow, &Pi-Sunyer, 1982a, 1982b.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of a short-term exercise program on caloric consumption.

Dickson-Parnell¹,

Zeichner²

1985

Health Psychology

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The present study investigated the effects of a short-term exercise program on caloric intake. Thirty-three women were randomly assigned to either a high-intensity exercise group (80% maximum heart rate), low-intensity exercise group (55% maximum heart rate), or waiting list control group. Exercisers were required to ride ergometer bicycles three times per week for 7 weeks, expending 200 kilocalories of energy per exercise session. All participants recorded food intake during specified weeks before, during, and following the exercise program. Results showed no significant caloric intake differences among the three groups, but a trend toward reduction in food intake with increased exercise intensity was found. Interestingly, comparisons between caloric intake on exercise and nonexercise days revealed that both exercise groups consumed significantly less on exercise days. Additionally, the control group evidenced a larger caloric intake level than did the two exercise groups on exercise days. These results suggest that exercisers do not compensate for energy expenditure by increasing caloric intake and that choosing between low- and high-intensity exercise does not differentially alter caloric intake. Nevertheless, maximization of negative energy balance or weight loss may be best achieved by exercise programs of high frequency and intensity.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a short-term exercise program on caloric consumption.

Dickson-Parnell¹,

Zeichner²

1985

Health Psychology

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A theory of activity-based anorexia

Epling¹,

Pierce²,

Stefan³

1983

Int. J. Eat. Disord.

161

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The present paper documents the etiological importance of physical activity to self‐starvation in animals and suggests similarities between this research area and the literature concerned with some self‐starvation in humans. An activity anorexia is proposed that may account for 38% to 75% of anorexia nervosa. An account of excessive locomotor activity is made in terms of schedule‐induced behavior. A reciprocally interactive effect of activity and food ingestion is taken to explain self‐starvation for animals and activity anorexia in humans. Literature is reviewed which demonstrates that rats and mice self‐starve when they are given access to a running wheel and placed on food restriction. In this paradigm, these animals become excessively active and paradoxically reduce food consumption when compared with control subjects. This evidence and related findings are shown to be consistent with a phylogenetically based model of anorexia. Sociocultural factors are hypothesized to set and maintain the conditions that produce activity anorexia in humans.

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Activity-based anorexia: A biobehavioral perspective

Epling

Pierce

1988

Int. J. Eat. Disord.

101

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A biobehavioral model of activity‐based anorexia is examined in terms of recent evidence. Strenuous exercise reduces the value of food reinforcement and results in decreased food intake. Reduction of food intake increases the motivational value of physical exercise. This produces an escalation in activity that further suppresses appetite. Cultural practices of diet and exercise initiate this anorexic cycle, and once started the process is resistant to change. These anorexias may be the result of natural selection favoring those organisms that became active in times of food scarcity. Proximate physiological mechanism(s) appear to involve the endogenous opiate system that mediates the relationshp between running and eating. It is argued that classification of human self‐starvation should be based on environmental and/or biological conditions that control food regulation. Activity anorexia may be one instance of such a classification that could account for many instances of “an orexia nervosa”.

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Exercise, dietary intake, and body composition

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

Effects of a short-term exercise program on caloric consumption.

Effects of a short-term exercise program on caloric consumption.

A theory of activity-based anorexia

Activity-based anorexia: A biobehavioral perspective

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