Exercise does not increase salivary lymphocytes, monocytes, or granulocytes, but does increase salivary lysozyme

Abstract

An increase in salivary leukocytes may contribute to the exercise-induced increase in salivary antimicrobial proteins (AMPs). However, exercise-induced changes in salivary leukocytes have not been studied. The purpose of the study was to describe salivary leukocyte changes with exercise. Participants (n = 11, 20.3 ± 0.8 years, 57.2 ± 7.6 ml kg min peak oxygen uptake ((VO) ̇peak), 11.1 ± 3.9% body fat) ran for 45 min at 75% of VO. Stimulated saliva (12 mL) was collected pre- and immediately post exercise. Saliva was filtered through a 30 µm filter before analysis of leukocytes (CD45), granulocytes (CD45CD15), monocytes (CD45CD14), T-cells (CD45CD3), and B-cells (CD45CD20) using flow cytometry. Saliva was analysed for Lysozyme (Lys) using ELISA. Exercise did not alter any leukocyte subset. The major constituent of leukocytes pre-exercise were granulocytes (57.9 ± 30.3% compared with monocytes: 5.1 ± 2.7%, T-cells: 17.1 ± 8.9%, B-cells: 12.1 ± 10.2%) (P < 0.05). In a subset of n = 6, Lys secretion rate increased after exercise (pre: 5,170 ± 5,215 ng/min; post: 7,639 ± 4,140 ng/min) (P < 0.05). Exercise does not result in increased granulocytes, but does increase Lys. Further, these data suggest that an increase in salivary leukocytes is not needed to increase Lys.

Effects of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing on Salivary Lysozyme, Mood States and Running Performance Among Recreational Runners

“…A previous study on elite rowers (30) also observed no significant change in salivary lysozyme concentrations in response to exercise. This finding was inconsistent with that of some previous studies (31)(32)(33)(34), which found an increase in salivary lysozyme secretion following exercise. In these studies, lysozyme responses increased significantly with moderate exercise intensity and increased further with high-intensity exercise (35).…”

Extracellular vesicles from human saliva promote hemostasis by delivering coagulant tissue factor to activated platelets

“…Regarding the cellular origin of the CD24 + EVs, saliva of healthy human individuals is known to contain granulocytes . When we labeled cells in saliva with anti‐CD66b, a major cell population stained for this granulocyte marker (Figure S3A–C).…”

A Review of Selected Studies That Determine the Physical and Chemical Properties of Saliva in the Field of Dental Treatment

“…Gillum et al also demonstrated that overproduction of leukocytes in saliva is not necessary to increase the amount of lysozyme [ 97 ]. Kim et al determined the effect of xylitol and sorbitol on lysozyme activity.…”