Exercise effects stress-induced analgesia and spatial learning in rats

Regular physical activity prevents development of chronic pain and activation of central neurons

“…It should be noted that all prior studies in animal models of pain used forced exercise, which may produce analgesia through a stress response. It is well-known that stress can produce analgesia without the exercise task (4,25,31,32). The current study was the first to use voluntary running wheel activity in animal models of pain, which allowed mice to choose when and if they wanted to run, thus eliminating stress as a confounder.…”

“…One effective treatment common for nearly all types of chronic pain, including those with musculoskeletal pain, is regular exercise (1,2,7,11,16,20,47,62). Regular exercise produces analgesia in uninjured animals and reduces pain behaviors after inflammatory, noninflammatory, and neuropathic injury in animals (3,4,32,34,38,50,58). However, it is unclear if regular exercise can prevent the onset of chronic and widespread pain.…”

Effects of Exercise on Memory Consolidation and Retrieval of Passive Avoidance Learning In Young Male Rats

“…Another study demonstrated that exercise at a higher – intensity level (20-25 m/min for 20 min) did not affect learning. Increased levels of exercise (25 m/min for 25min) corresponded with an early impairment of spatial memory [26] . Another research has revealed that exercise can facilitate acquisition, but has not affect performance following acquisition [27] .…”

The impact of the frequency of moderate exercise on memory and brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in young adult and middle-aged rats

“…In rodents, cognitive benefits of physical exercise seem to be more consistent in animal models of memory impairment (Aguiar et al, 2009;Griesbach et al, 2009;Reisi et al, 2009;Ben et al, 2010;Hoveida et al, 2011) and aging (van Praag et al, 2005;Kim et al, 2010;Adlard et al, 2011). Voluntary (free running wheel) and forced (treadmill running) exercise are the most common types of exercise employed for investigating the effects of physical exercise on learning and memory in rodents (Barnes et al, 1991;Ogonovszky et al, 2005;Uysal et al, 2005;Van Praag et al, 2005;Alaei et al, 2006;Ang et al, 2006;Blustein et al, 2006;Radak et al, 2006;Toldy et al, 2009). Treadmill running is widely used by human subjects in exercise training programs (Winter et al, 2007).…”