Exercise for Mood and Anxiety Disorders: The State-of-the Science

Powers, Mark B.; Asmundson, Gordon J. G.; Smits, Jasper A.J.

doi:10.1080/16506073.2015.1047286

Cited by 41 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For example, MDD is a lifetime illness for many since effective long-term anti-depressant medications are not available. Introduction of exercise could be a viable long-term option for most patients (Blier et al, 2007;Powers et al, 2015). Since exercise has been shown to slow memory decline, improve cognition, and enhance mood (de Andrade et al, 2013;Law et al, 2014;Osborn and Saunders, 2010), educating patients about the benefits of exercise would also represent a novel therapeutic strategy for AD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Exercise enhances mood in the young, the old, the sick and the healthy alike (Annesi and Tennant, 2012;Hoffman et al, 2010;Johnson and Castle, 2015;Powers et al, 2015). This elevation in mood following exercise has been attributed primarily to the enhanced release of the neurotransmitters 5-HT and DA by neurons (Melancon et al, 2014;Monteiro-Junior et al, 2015).…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Effects Of Physical Activity and Exercise mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Several studies and supporting meta-analyses have demonstrated that exercise enhances mood in a wide demographic ranging from youth to seniors, and in healthy and diseased individuals alike (Adamson et al, 2015;Annesi and Tennant, 2012;Hoffman et al, 2010;Johnson and Castle, 2015;Powers et al, 2015). This is consistent with previous research, which has shown PA to enhance the neuronal release of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and dopamine (DA) (Melancon et al, 2014;MonteiroJunior et al, 2015), the so-called 'happy' neurotransmitters, since the binding of 5-HT and DA to their receptors brings on a feeling of euphoria (Dayan and Huys, 2008;Wise and Bozarth, 1985).…”

Section: Physical Activity and Exercise And The Brainmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Physical activity and exercise attenuate neuroinflammation in neurological diseases

Spielman

Little

Klegeris

2016

Brain Research Bulletin

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Anti-inflammatory Effects Of Physical Activity and Exercise mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Physical Activity and Exercise And The Brainmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Physical activity and exercise attenuate neuroinflammation in neurological diseases

Spielman

Little

Klegeris

2016

Brain Research Bulletin

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“…Exercise can enhance learning and memory [1–4] and reduce the incidence of stress-related psychiatric disorders such as depression [5–11] and anxiety [12–14]. In rats, these beneficial effects of exercise occur regardless of exercise controllability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise increases mTOR signaling in brain regions involved in cognition and emotional behavior

Lloyd

Hake

Ishiwata

et al. 2017

Behavioural Brain Research

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Exercise can enhance learning and memory and produce resistance against stress-related psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. In rats, these beneficial effects of exercise occur regardless of exercise controllability: both voluntary and forced wheel running produce stress-protective effects. The mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects of exercise remain unknown. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a translation regulator important for cell growth, proliferation, and survival. mTOR has been implicated in enhancing learning and memory as well as antidepressant effects. Moreover, mTOR is sensitive to exercise signals such as metabolic factors. The effects of exercise on mTOR signaling, however, remain unknown. The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that exercise, regardless of controllability, increases levels of phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) in brain regions important for learning and emotional behavior. Rats were exposed to 6 weeks of either sedentary (locked wheel), voluntary, or forced wheel running conditions. At 6 weeks, rats were sacrificed during peak running and levels of p-mTOR were measured using immunohistochemistry. Overall, both voluntary and forced exercise increased p-mTOR-positive neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and amygdala compared to locked wheel controls. Exercise, regardless of controllability, also increased numbers of p-mTOR-positive glia in the striatum, hippocampus, and amygdala. For both neurons and glia, the largest increase in p-mTOR positive cells was observed after voluntary running, with forced exercise causing a more modest increase. Interestingly, voluntary exercise preferentially increased p-mTOR in astrocytes (GFAP+), while forced running increased p-mTOR in microglia (CD11+) in the inferior dentate gyrus. Results suggest that mTOR signaling is sensitive to exercise, but subtle differences exist depending on exercise controllability. Increases in mTOR signaling could contribute to the beneficial effects of exercise on cognitive function and mental health.

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“…Ordinarily, negative emotions (such as sadness, fear, anger, or disgust) comprise only a small fraction of everyday affective experience in controls. Moods are usually defined as affective states that may last from several hours to several days and are strongly influenced by external events by factors such as stress, social activity, and exercise (Powers et al 2015), as well as from endogenous cycles or rhythms (Powers et al 2015; Murray et al 2009). It is mood, rather than emotions, that provides a better understanding of everyday experience.…”

Section: Psychological Studies Of Mood Ratingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic monitoring of self-reported mood: the return of the subjective?

Ortiz

Grof

2016

Int J Bipolar Disord

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This narrative review describes recent developments in the use of technology for utilizing the self-monitoring of mood, provides some relevant background, and suggests some promising directions. Subjective experience of mood is one of the valuable sources of information about the state of an integrated mind/brain system. During the past century, psychiatry and psychology moved away from subjectivity, emphasizing external observation, precise measurement, and laboratory techniques. This shift, however, provided only a limited improvement in the understanding of mood disorders, and it appears that self-monitoring of mood has the potential to enrich our knowledge, particularly when combined with the advances in technology. Modern technology, with its ability to transfer information from the individual directly to the researcher via electronic applications, enables us now to study mood regulation more thoroughly. Frequent subjective ratings can be helpful in identifying individualized treatment with effective mood stabilizers and recognizing subtypes of mood disorders. The variability of subjective ratings may also help us estimate the increased risk of recurrence and guide a tailored treatment.

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Exercise for Mood and Anxiety Disorders: The State-of-the Science

Cited by 41 publications

References 18 publications

Physical activity and exercise attenuate neuroinflammation in neurological diseases

Physical activity and exercise attenuate neuroinflammation in neurological diseases

Exercise increases mTOR signaling in brain regions involved in cognition and emotional behavior

Electronic monitoring of self-reported mood: the return of the subjective?

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