Exercise has the guts: How physical activity may positively modulate gut microbiota in chronic and immune-based diseases

Codella, Roberto; Luzi, Livio; Terruzzi, Ileana

doi:10.1016/j.dld.2017.11.016

Cited by 130 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 123 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

103

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Multiple questions remain. Many of these relate to underlying and potentially novel mechanisms that need to be investigated in humans such as the role of the microbiota (Codella, Luzi, & Terruzzi, 2018) and exosomes (Ge, Xie, Xiao, & Li, 2019, Li et al., 2019) during exercise in chronic inflammatory disorders, and to the appropriate dose of exercise for β‐cell health in different populations. Studies conducted in a non‐diabetic population suggest a linear relationship between exercise dose and β‐cell function (Malin et al., 2013); however, studies in T2D suggest that long duration–higher intensity exercise is less beneficial than moderate duration and intensity of exercise (Slentz et al., 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The benefits of physical exercise for the health of the pancreatic β‐cell: a review of the evidence

Curran

Drayson

Zoppi

et al. 2020

Experimental Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Physical exercise is a core therapy for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Whilst the benefits of exercise for different physiological systems are recognised, the effect of exercise specifically on the pancreatic -cell is not well described. Here we review the effects of physical exercise on -cell health.We show that exercise improves -cell mass and function. The improved function manifests primarily through the increased insulin content of the -cell and its increased ability to secrete insulin in response to a glucose stimulus. We review the evidence relating to glucose sensing, insulin signalling, -cell proliferation and -cell apoptosis in humans and animal models with acute exercise and following exercise training programmes. Some of the mechanisms through which these benefits manifest are discussed. K E Y W O R D S

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The benefits of physical exercise for the health of the pancreatic β‐cell: a review of the evidence

Curran

Drayson

Zoppi

et al. 2020

Experimental Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Human gut microbiota is composed by trillions of symbiotic microorganisms which play important roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and modulating the immune system. Physical exercise can restore intestinal health favoring beneficial modifications of gut microbiota [79,80]. It has been shown that exercise contributes to increase microbial diversity in the presence of HFD, reduces inflammation and increases antioxidant enzymes [81].…”

Section: Physical Exercise and Changes In Gut Microbiota In Obese Indmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the gut several bacteria synthesize vitamins such as vitamin K, folic acid or thiamine [80]. Recently, we found that exercise increased the levels of two metabolites of vitamin B6 salvage pathway (pyridoxal 5 -phosphate, pyridoxamine 5 -phosphate) [85].…”

Section: Physical Exercise and Changes In Gut Microbiota In Obese Indmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Lifestyle Factors Modulating Obesity Disease

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obesity adversely affects bone health by means of multiple mechanisms, e.g., alterations in bone-regulating hormones, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Substantial evidence supports the relationship between adiposity and bone disorders in overweight/obese individuals. It is well known that the balance between mutually exclusive differentiation of progenitor cells into osteoblasts or adipocytes is controlled by different agents, including growth factors, hormones, genetic and epigenetic factors. Furthermore, an association between vitamin D deficiency and obesity has been reported. On the other hand, regular physical activity plays a key role in weight control, in the reduction of obesity-associated risks and promotes osteogenesis. The aim of this review is to highlight relevant cellular and molecular aspects for over-weight containment. In this context, the modulation of progenitor cells during differentiation as well as the role of epigenetics and microbiota in obesity disease will be discussed. Furthermore, lifestyle changes including an optimized diet as well as targeted physical activity will be suggested as strategies for the treatment of obesity disease.

show abstract

“…Other modifying factors ( Figure 1 ) include psychological stress 33,34 , physical activity 35 , tobacco use 36 , alcohol consumption 37 , and antibiotic exposure 38, 39,40 . In one population-level analysis of gut microbiome variation, 69 factors were shown to correlate with microbiome community variation, with stool consistency emerging as the most influential covariate 41 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gut Microbiome in Adult and Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

Shin

Preidis

Shulman

et al. 2019

Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The importance of gut microbiota in gastrointestinal (GI) physiology was well described, but our ability to study gut microbial ecosystems in their entirety was limited by culture-based methods prior to the sequencing revolution. The advent of high-throughput sequencing opened new avenues, allowing us to study gut microbial communities as an aggregate, independent of our ability to culture individual microbes. Early studies focused on association of changes in gut microbiota with different disease states, which was necessary to identify a potential role for microbes and generate novel hypotheses. Over the past few years the field has moved beyond associations to better understand the mechanistic implications of the microbiome in the pathophysiology of complex diseases. This movement also has resulted in a shift in our focus toward therapeutic strategies, which rely on better understanding the mediators of gut microbiota-host cross-talk. It is not surprising the gut microbiome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of functional gastrointestinal disorders given its role in modulating physiological processes such as immune development, GI motility and secretion, epithelial barrier integrity, and brain-gut communication. In this review, we focus on the current state of knowledge and future directions in microbiome research as it pertains to functional gastrointestinal disorders. We summarize the factors that help shape the gut microbiome in human beings. We discuss data from animal models and human studies to highlight existing paradigms regarding the mechanisms underlying microbiota-mediated alterations in physiological processes and their relevance in human interventions. While translation of microbiome science is still in its infancy, the outlook is optimistic and we are advancing in the right direction toward precise mechanism-based microbiota therapies.

show abstract

Exercise has the guts: How physical activity may positively modulate gut microbiota in chronic and immune-based diseases

Cited by 130 publications

References 123 publications

The benefits of physical exercise for the health of the pancreatic β‐cell: a review of the evidence

The benefits of physical exercise for the health of the pancreatic β‐cell: a review of the evidence

Molecular and Lifestyle Factors Modulating Obesity Disease

The Gut Microbiome in Adult and Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About