Exercise Immunology Basics and Clinical Relevance

Evaluation of salivary α‐amylase and immunoglobulin A responses after endurance exercise in adolescent males and females with similar aerobic fitness

“…In addition to the data above, it has been reported that alterations in salivary IgA levels under resting conditions may rely on an individual's physical fitness level influenced by exercise training [24, 53]. Ostensibly, high‐intensity and long‐lasting exercise training can decrease salivary IgA levels and consequently promote the occurrence of upper respiratory tract infections in healthy adults as well as adolescents [61]. However, previous studies dealing with young athletes have shown that resting salivary IgA levels do not appear to be affected by the duration of training in gymnasts [62] or tennis players [63].…”

“…The question has arisen as to how carbohydrate intake during exercise affects oral immune function in adolescent males and females. In the present study, carbohydrate intake during 1‐h of moderate endurance exercise may have been sufficient to maintain a constant glycaemic state [69, 70] and minimize disruption of immune homeostasis [61]. Few studies have investigated the effects of carbohydrate supplementation on the immune systems following endurance exercise in adolescent males and females [61].…”

“…In the present study, carbohydrate intake during 1‐h of moderate endurance exercise may have been sufficient to maintain a constant glycaemic state [69, 70] and minimize disruption of immune homeostasis [61]. Few studies have investigated the effects of carbohydrate supplementation on the immune systems following endurance exercise in adolescent males and females [61]. According to Timmons [60], carbohydrate intake seems to blunt the NK cell response after only 30 min of exercise in 12‐yr‐old males and females, albeit previous studies addressing salivary α‐amylase activity and IgA concentration after endurance exercise have been limited in adolescent males and females.…”

Monitoring of strength, inflammation and muscle function in allogenic stem-cell transplantation patients – a pilot study for novel biomarker and risk stratification determination

“…In contrast to the better examined aforementioned physiological and psychological outcomes, immunological effects of exercise in HCT patients are still poorly explored. The positive effect of moderate-intensity physical activity on immune function is generally well established in healthy young people ( 25 ), and at least in non-immunocompromised individuals ( 26 ). In addition, exercise stimulates the release of stem cells with strong regenerative potential from their source of origin (e.g.…”