Exercise in a hot environment influences plasma anti-inflammatory and antioxidant status in well-trained athletes

Sureda, Antoni; Mestre-Alfaro, Antonia; Banquells, Montserrat; Riera, Joan; Drobnic, Franchek; Camps, Jordi; Joven, Jorge; Tur, Josep A.; Pons, Antoni

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2014.11.011

Cited by 34 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…ET-1 has also been found to increase during and after (2-hr into recovery) exercise in a hot environment [34,38], although it was suggested that this increase in ET-1 was due to dehydration [34]. In the present study, we found a greater than two-fold increase in ET-1 concentrations immediately after exercise.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

“…Therefore, we do not attribute the rise in ET-1 concentrations observed in the present study to dehydration, but the combination of prolonged exercising and environmental elements experienced during the HHH. Mechanistically, increases in ET-1 have been attributed to vasoactive hormones, shear stress, free radicals, and hypoxia [38,39], and ET-1 release can be stimulated by thrombin, and epinephrine in vitro [9], and by arginine vasopressin in vivo [40]. In a study involving a prior HHH event, we showed an increased formation of thrombin as measured by thrombinantithrombin complexes [41] following exercise; thus, we propose that the increase in ET-1 observed in the present study following prolonged cycling in the heat is due, at least in part, to increases in thrombin formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Endothelial Markers during a Summer Ultra-Endurance Road Cycling Event in the Heat

BR¹

2016

Int J Sports Exerc Med

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Purpose: To assess the impact of completing a 164 km road cycling event performed in a hot environment (Wichita Falls, Texas in August), on endothelial biomarkers and resultant risk of blood clots in men and women.Methods: 37 event participants (28 men and 9 women; 51.8 ± 9.5 y) completed the ride. Plasma samples were collected in the morning before (PRE) and immediately after (IP) completing the ride. Concentrations of endothelial cell markers -endothelin-1 (ET-1), p-selectin, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), were measured and associations between changes from PRE-to IP-ride were examined as a function of race event completion time and participant characteristics (demographics and anthropometrics). Results:All of the endothelial cell markers (ET-1, p-selectin, and I-CAM1) increased significantly from PRE to IP. After controlling for PRE values, completion time was positively correlated with ET-1 (r = 0.42, p < 0.01) and negatively related to p-selectin (r = -0.42, p < 0.05). Waist circumference was positively related to ICAM1 (r = 0.34, p < 0.01). In addition, males had greater concentrations of ICAM1 (d = 1.32, p < 0.01) and p-selectin (d = 0.84, p < 0.05) than females. Conclusion:Completing a 164 km road cycling event in hot conditions resulted in increased concentrations of endothelial cell markers in men and women. Although this result may suggest endothelial cell injury, it is unclear whether this response is indicative of an increased risk of blood clot formation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Endothelial Markers during a Summer Ultra-Endurance Road Cycling Event in the Heat

BR¹

2016

Int J Sports Exerc Med

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“…This leads to local neutrophil and monocyte invasion and phagocytosis of debris from damaged myocytes (Evans & Cannon, 1991; Northoff, Weinstock, & Berg, 1994; Weight, Alexander, & Jacobs, 1991). Changes in core body temperature have also been shown to affect leukocyte and neutrophil counts during bouts of exercise, although this effect is also mediated by environmental temperature (Mestre‐Alfaro et al, 2012; Sureda et al, 2015). Given the systemic effects of many immune molecules, it may be that localized increases induce or contribute to a general increase in immune function, as measured here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐term resource allocation during extensive athletic competition

Longman

Prall

Shattuck

et al. 2017

American J Hum Biol

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ObjectivesFollowing predictions from life history theory, we sought to identify acute trade‐offs between reproductive effort (as measured by psychological arousal) and somatic maintenance (via functional measures of innate immunity) during conditions of severe energetic imbalance.MethodsSixty‐six male ultramarathon runners (ages 20 to 37 years) were sampled before and after a lengthy race. Saliva and sera were collected for testosterone and immunological analyses (hemolytic complement activity and bacterial killing ability). Lean body mass was assessed by bioelectrical impedance, and libido was measured using a slideshow of arousing and neutral images.ResultsFollowing predictions, there was a significant decrease in salivary testosterone levels (109.59 pg/mL versus 97.61 pg/mL, P < .001) and arousal scores in response to provocative images (5.40 versus 4.89, P = .001) between prerace and postrace time points. Additionally, participant bacterial killing ability (P = .035) and hemolytic complement activity (P = .021) increased between prerace and postrace.ConclusionsDecreased libido and testosterone with concomitant heightened innate immune responses suggest a shift in energetic priorities away from reproduction and toward maintenance/defense during a period of energetic stress.

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“…It does, however, contrast with the positive impact of omega-3 fatty acid consumption on physical performance as described in other studies [42,43]. The exercise test conditions were designed to induce an immune response priming neutrophils and PBMCs to an inflammatory response [14,44], although plasmatic markers of inflammation such as IL-6, IL-10, TNFα, IL1β, etc. point to a more post-exercise anti-inflammatory condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Almond- and Olive Oil-Based Docosahexaenoic- and Vitamin E-Enriched Beverage Dietary Supplementation on Inflammation Associated to Exercise and Age

et al. 2016

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n-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols are potential key factors for the treatment and prevention of chronic inflammation associated to ageing and non-communicable diseases. The aim was to analyse effects of an almond and olive oil beverage enriched with α-tocopherol and docosahexaenoic, exercise and age on inflammatory plasma markers, and immune gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Five young and five senior athletes who were supplemented for five weeks with a functional beverage performed a stress test under controlled conditions before and after beverage supplementation. Blood samples were taken immediately before and 1 h after each test. Plasma, erythrocytes and PBMCs were isolated. Beverage supplementation increased plasmatic Tumour Necrosis Factor α (TNFα) levels depending on age and exercise. Exercise increased plasma non esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), soluble Intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (sICAM3) and soluble L-selectin (sL-Selectin), and this increase was attenuated by the supplementation. Exercise increased PGE2 plasma levels in supplemented young and in senior placebo athletes. Exercise increased NFkβ-activated levels in PBMCs, which are primed to a pro-inflammatory response increasing pro-inflammatory genes expression after the exercise mainly in the young group after the supplementation. The functional beverage supplementation to young athletes enhances a pro-inflammatory circulating environment in response to the exercise that was less evident in the senior group.

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Exercise in a hot environment influences plasma anti-inflammatory and antioxidant status in well-trained athletes

Cited by 34 publications

References 52 publications

Changes in Endothelial Markers during a Summer Ultra-Endurance Road Cycling Event in the Heat

Changes in Endothelial Markers during a Summer Ultra-Endurance Road Cycling Event in the Heat

Short‐term resource allocation during extensive athletic competition

Effects of Almond- and Olive Oil-Based Docosahexaenoic- and Vitamin E-Enriched Beverage Dietary Supplementation on Inflammation Associated to Exercise and Age

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