2019
DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24524
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Exercise in multiple sclerosis and its models: Focus on the central nervous system outcomes

Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) disorder characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Emerging research suggests that exercise has therapeutic benefits for MS patients but the clinical data have focused primarily on non‐CNS outcomes. In this review, we discuss evidence in preclinical MS models that exercise influences oligodendrocyte proliferation and repopulation, remyelination, neuroinflammation, neuroprotection, axonal regeneration, and astrogliosis. Evidenc… Show more

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Cited by 38 publications
(32 citation statements)
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References 132 publications
(189 reference statements)
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“…There is now an extensive literature that exercise improves cognition, fatigue, depression and mood in PwMS 3 , 7 . In animal studies, outcomes of exercise in healthy mice or those modeling neurological conditions include reduced neuroinflammation or blood–brain barrier breakdown, neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, neuroprotection and remyelination 1 , 15 18 . The mechanisms by which exercise promotes CNS wellbeing appear to be multiple, such as the generation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, reducing pro-inflammatory responses, modulating microglia activity, and ameliorating oxidative stress (reviewed in 12 , 14 , 41 , 42 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…There is now an extensive literature that exercise improves cognition, fatigue, depression and mood in PwMS 3 , 7 . In animal studies, outcomes of exercise in healthy mice or those modeling neurological conditions include reduced neuroinflammation or blood–brain barrier breakdown, neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, neuroprotection and remyelination 1 , 15 18 . The mechanisms by which exercise promotes CNS wellbeing appear to be multiple, such as the generation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, reducing pro-inflammatory responses, modulating microglia activity, and ameliorating oxidative stress (reviewed in 12 , 14 , 41 , 42 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, it has peripheral immunomodulatory effects and promotes the release of anti-inflammatory myokines from the contracting muscle, and it also induces regulatory anti-inflammatory microglia activity within the CNS 12 14 . Exercise also promotes neurogenesis and gliogenesis through mechanisms that include the elevation of neurotrophic factors 1 , 15 18 . Moreover, exercise in mice facilitates remyelination following lysolecithin-induced spinal cord demyelination 19 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…MS is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. The most common effects include myelin destruction, varying degrees of inflammation, complement activation, oligodendrocyte death, axonal injury, and plaque formation in the brain 30 , 31 . The repair of myelin damage to prevent further axonal loss can prevent the disease before progressing to the acute phase; therefore, many studies are currently focused on overcoming the signaling barriers to remyelination by oligodendrocytes.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is clear that physical activity in MS has a positive influence, as demonstrated in both experimental and clinical settings (Dalgas et al, 2009;Rossi et al, 2009;Latimer-Cheung et al, 2013). Whereas earlier studies highlighted the beneficial effects of exercise at a peripheral level (i.e., osteoarticular/muscular and cardiovascular systems), (Dalgas et al, 2009;Latimer-Cheung et al, 2013) it has become increasingly clear that physical activity has a major effect on brain reorganization as well (Prakash et al, 2007(Prakash et al, , 2010Motl et al, 2015;El-Sayes et al, 2019;Guo et al, 2020;Lozinski and Yong, 2020). Neuroplasticity, intended as the ability of the brain to modify itself at a structural and functional level in response to aging, experiences and environmental stimuli, occurs throughout the lifespan, as evidenced by animal and MRI based-human studies (Maguire et al, 2000;Draganski et al, 2004;Bengtsson et al, 2005;Zatorre et al, 2012;Garthe et al, 2016;Lambert et al, 2019).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%