Exercise in the treatment of obesity: Effects of four interventions on body composition, resting energy expenditure, appetite, and mood.

Wadden, Thomas A.; Vogt, Renee A.; Andersen, Ross E.; Bartlett, Susan J.; Foster, Gary D.; Kuehnel, Robert H.; Wilk, Joshua E.; Weinstock, Ruth S.; Buckenmeyer, P. J.; Berkowitz, Robert I.; Steen, Stephen N.

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.65.2.269

Cited by 185 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Studies support the possibility of depression promoting obesity and vice versa as association has been seen between the factors in several studies (Wadden et al, 1988(Wadden et al, , 1997Istvan et al, 1992;Sullivan et al, 1993;Faith et al, 2002), while older cross-sectional studies do not support this relation (Crisp & McGuinness, 1976;Stewart & Brook, 1983). Lower levels of cognitive stimulation, because of depression or low self-esteem among heavier mothers cannot be excluded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Maternal body mass index, duration of exclusive breastfeeding and children's developmental status at the age of 6 years

et al. 2005

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Objective: To investigate whether the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and maternal body mass index (BMI) are associated with children's developmental status at the time of beginning elementary school. Design and subjects: The subjects in the sample came from a longitudinal study on infant nutrition in Iceland. Food records were made once a month from birth to the age of 12 months, from which duration of exclusive breastfeeding could be determined. Mothers filled in The Icelandic developmental inventory for evaluation of motor and verbal development close to their children's sixth birthday (n ¼ 85). Maternal self-reported weight and height was recorded. Information on socioeconomic factors was gathered by a questionnaire. Results: Duration of exclusive breastfeeding, in months, was positively related to children's motor component (B ¼ 0.570.5, P ¼ 0.054) and to the total developmental index (B ¼ 1.070.5, P ¼ 0.044) at 6 y, adjusting for gender and socioeconomic factors (maternal and paternal education, and family income). Children's learning score was negatively related to maternal BMI (B ¼ À0.570.2, P ¼ 0.047). An inverse association also appeared between maternal BMI and two out of the three developmental composite scores, that is, verbal component and the total developmental index (B ¼ À0.670.3, P ¼ 0.049) and (B ¼ À0.470.2, P ¼ 0.057), respectively. In multiple regression the developmental indexes were most strongly independently associated with maternal BMI (negatively) and infants' birth weight (positively). Conclusion: Maternal BMI and duration of breastfeeding were associated with verbal and motor development of 6-y-old children, independent of socioeconomic factors. Birth weight was also an independent determinant for developmental scores.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Maternal body mass index, duration of exclusive breastfeeding and children's developmental status at the age of 6 years

et al. 2005

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“…33 Studies of the usefulness of strength training in the context of weight loss have had mixed results. Studies with more severe energy intake restriction have been unable to show FFM gains, [34][35][36] while studies with less severe energy intake restriction have shown FFM gains with strength training even with moderate weight losses. 37,38 Research to determine the amount of energy expenditure necessary to maintain weight after a recent weight loss 2,39 addresses an important question.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength training for obesity prevention in midlife women

et al. 2003

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OBJECTIVE:The primary goal of this study was to assess whether increases in fat-free mass (FFM) and decreases in total and percentage fat mass from 15 weeks of twice weekly supervised strength training would be maintained over 6 months of unsupervised exercise in a randomized controlled trial. DESIGN: In all, 60 women aged 30-50 y, body mass index between 20 and 35 kg/m 2 , were randomized to control or treatment groups. The treatment group performed twice-weekly supervised strength training followed by 6 months of unsupervised training. Measurements at baseline, 15, and 39 weeks included body weight and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Repeated measures regression was used to assess between-group differences for changes over time. RESULTS: Almost 90% of prescribed exercise sessions were completed. The body composition treatment effects over 15 weeks were largely maintained over 6 months of unsupervised exercise. Over the total 39 weeks of strength training, the treatment group gained +0.89 kg more in FFM, lost À0.98 kg more in fat mass, and lost -1.63% more in percent body fat when compared to the control group. P-values for these between-group differences in 39-week changes were 0.009, 0.06, and 0.006, respectively. Strength training did not result in any significant weight loss or waist circumference attenuation. Adjustment for changes in energy intake and physical activity did not alter these results. CONCLUSIONS: Twice-weekly strength training is behaviorally feasible for busy midlife women and the favorable body composition changes resulting from supervised strength training can be maintained over time. These findings lay the groundwork for determining the long-term health benefits of this behaviorally feasible exercise prescription, potentially including prevention of age-associated fat gains.

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“…11,12 However, long-term studies are rare and the longest one with 48 weeks' followup found no difference between aerobic and strength training. 13 In addition, the exercise dose resulting in most favourable effects on weight maintenance is unknown. The more the better might seem an obvious solution to exercise prescription, but in our recent study 14 on women, a moderate walking dose resulted in better weight maintenance due to better exercise adherence as compared with twice the dose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of walking or resistance training on weight loss maintenance in obese, middle-aged men: a randomized trial

et al. 2002

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether walking or resistance training improves weight maintenance after weight loss when added to dietary counselling. DESIGN: Two months' weight reduction with very-low-energy-diet (VLED) followed by randomization into three groups (control, walking, resistance training) for 6 months' weight maintenance (WM) program and 23 months' unsupervised followup. During VLED and WM all groups received similar dietary counselling. SUBJECTS: The main inclusion criteria were BMI > 30 kg=m 2 , waist > 100 cm and physical inactivity (exercise once a week). Ninety healthy, obese (mean BMI 32.9 kg=m 2 and waist 112.5 cm), 35 -50 y-old men started the study and 68 were measured at the end of the study. MEASUREMENTS: Weight and body composition assessed by underwater weighing. Exercise diaries and dietary records to assess energy balance. RESULTS: During VLED the mean body weight decreased from 106.0 (s.d. 9.9) kg to 91.7 (9.4) kg. Weight was regained mostly during follow-up and in the end of the study the mean weight in groups was 99.9 -102.0 kg. Exercise training did not improve short or long-term weight maintenance when compared to the control group. However, resistance training attenuated the regain of body fat mass during WM (P ¼ 0.0l), but not during follow-up. In the combined groups the estimated total energy expenditure (EE) of reported physical activity was associated with less weight regain during WM. EE of 10.1 MJ=week was associated with maintaining weight after weight loss. EE of physical activity tended to decrease after WM in exercise groups due to poor long-term adherence to prescribed exercise. Energy intake seemed to increase during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Exercise training of moderate dose did not seem to improve long-term weight maintenance because of poor adherence to prescribed exercise.

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Exercise in the treatment of obesity: Effects of four interventions on body composition, resting energy expenditure, appetite, and mood.

Cited by 185 publications

References 37 publications

Maternal body mass index, duration of exclusive breastfeeding and children's developmental status at the age of 6 years

Maternal body mass index, duration of exclusive breastfeeding and children's developmental status at the age of 6 years

Strength training for obesity prevention in midlife women

Effects of walking or resistance training on weight loss maintenance in obese, middle-aged men: a randomized trial

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