Exercise Increases Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Levels

Cuevas‐Ramos, Daniel; Almeda‐Valdés, Paloma; Meza-Arana, Clara Elena; Brito-Córdova, Griselda X.; Gómez-Pérez, Francisco J.; Mehta, Roopa; Oseguera-Moguel, Jorge; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038022

Cited by 150 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…While 3 months of combined aerobic and resistance exercise diminished FGF21 serum levels [116], 2 months endurance training had no effect on FGF21 serum levels or FGF21 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle [117]. Most interestingly, 2 weeks of daily endurance training and an acute bout of endurance exercise enhanced circulating FGF21 levels and this was accompanied by increased serum levels of NEFA [118,119]. However, in mice, Kim et al observed no increase of Fgf21 mRNA expression in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles and epididymal WAT after an acute bout of exercise, whereas hepatic Fgf21 mRNA expression was significantly enhanced.…”

Section: Key Facts: Myokines As Therapeutic Targetsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Myokines in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

et al. 2014

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Skeletal muscle represents the largest organ of the body in non-obese individuals and is now considered to be an active endocrine organ releasing a host of so-called myokines. These myokines are part of a complex network that mediates communication between muscle, the liver, adipose tissue, the brain and other organs. Recent data suggest that myokines regulated by muscle contraction may play a key role in mediating the health-promoting effects of regular physical activity. Although hundreds of myokines have recently been described in proteomic studies, we currently have a rather limited knowledge of the specific role these myokines play in the prevention of insulin resistance, inflammation and associated metabolic dysfunction. Several myokines are known to have both local and endocrine functions, but in many cases the contribution of physical activity to the systemic level of these molecules remains as yet unexplored. Very recently, novel myokines such as irisin, which is thought to induce a white to brown shift in adipocytes, have gained considerable interest as potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarise the most recent findings on the role of myokines in the regulation of substrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity. We further explore the role of myokines in the regulation of inflammation and provide a critical assessment of irisin and other myokines regarding their potential as therapeutic targets.

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Section: Key Facts: Myokines As Therapeutic Targetsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Myokines in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

et al. 2014

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“…Accordingly, BAT has been demonstrated as an important source of FGF21 in men. FGF21 and irisin have synergistic effects on WAT browning (132,137).…”

Section: Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (Fgf2) and Fgf21mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute exercise strongly induces FGF21 expression in both SKM and liver, resulting in increased blood FGF21 (132)(133)(134). However, this response is blunted in obese (135) and T2DM patients (136).…”

Section: Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (Fgf2) and Fgf21mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring myokines with cardiovascular functions: pre-analytical variables affecting the analytical output

Lombardi¹,

Sansoni²,

Banfi³

2017

Ann. Transl. Med.

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Abstract:In the last few years, a growing number of molecules have been associated to an endocrine function of the skeletal muscle. Circulating myokine levels, in turn, have been associated with several pathophysiological conditions including the cardiovascular ones. However, data from different studies are often not completely comparable or even discordant. This would be due, at least in part, to the whole set of situations related to the preparation of the patient prior to blood sampling, blood sampling procedure, processing and/or store. This entire process constitutes the pre-analytical phase. The importance of the preanalytical phase is often not considered. However, in routine diagnostics, the 70% of the errors are in this phase. Moreover, errors during the pre-analytical phase are carried over in the analytical phase and affects the final output. In research, for example, when samples are collected over a long time and by different laboratories, a standardized procedure for sample collecting and the correct procedure for sample storage are acknowledged. In this review, we discuss the pre-analytical variables potentially affecting the measurement of myokines with cardiovascular functions.

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“…In addition to IL-6, other muscle-secreted proteins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, fibroblast growth factor 21, IL-15, and myonectin have been shown to be produced in skeletal muscle in response to acute or chronic exercise, and have been suggested to increase fat oxidation or glucose uptake in skeletal muscles [11][12][13][14][15][16]. A more recent study showed that peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) expression in skeletal muscle stimulates an increase in Secretory function of skeletal muscle the expression of FNDC5, a membrane protein that is cleaved and secreted as Irisin [17].…”

Section: Metabolic and Immune Functions Of Muscle-secreted Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle: a novel and intriguing characteristics as a secretory organ

Aoi¹,

Sakuma²

2013

Biodiscovery

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Growing evidence has shown that skeletal muscle secretes several bioactive proteins from within the cell into extracellular fluid. The secretion of several proteins, whose levels increase in response to exercise, can regulate the functions of several organs via autocrine and paracrine actions, and mediate exercise-induced benefits such as metabolic improvement, anti-inflammation, and muscle building; this is known as the myokine theory. In addition, we found a novel muscle-secreted protein, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), a secreted matricellular glycoprotein. The muscle-secreted protein SPARC can support underlying mechanisms of epidemiological studies that suggest that regular exercise can prevent the incidence of colon cancer. Many different types of studies have suggested that many other proteins secreted from muscle have yet to be identified. In addition to the proteins, non-coding small RNA in exosome and metabolites which generate in process of nutrients metabolism with muscle contraction are also suggested to be secretory bioactive factors. These secretory factors may be biomarkers that reflect muscular function and beneficial adaptation achieved by exercise training, and could estimate adequate condition of exercise to obtain its beneficial effects.

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Exercise Increases Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Levels

Cited by 150 publications

References 28 publications

Myokines in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

Myokines in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

Measuring myokines with cardiovascular functions: pre-analytical variables affecting the analytical output

Skeletal muscle: a novel and intriguing characteristics as a secretory organ

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