Exercise-induced Asthma in the Competitive Cold Weather Athlete

Butcher, Janus D.

doi:10.1097/01.csmr.0000306431.39285.0b

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Asthma has dramatically increased in incidence over the last decade, currently affecting 235 million people worldwide . According to epidemiological surveys, a cold environmental stimulus is believed a ‘trigger’ exacerbating existing asthma symptoms, or may directly trigger asthma . Hyrkäs et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5][6][7] According to epidemiological surveys, a cold environmental stimulus is believed a 'trigger' exacerbating existing asthma symptoms, 8 or may directly trigger asthma. 9 Hyrkäs et al 10 surveyed 1623 young subjects and found that existing asthma increased the risks of all cold-weather related respiratory symptoms. Guo et al 11 examined the association between cold spells and paediatric outpatient visits for asthma, where cold temperatures significantly increased asthma attacks among children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repeated exposure to temperature variation exacerbates airway inflammation through TRPA1 in a mouse model of asthma

Kang

Chen

et al. 2018

Respirology

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Background and objective Studies from epidemiology suggest that ambient temperature is one of the underlying triggers and potential causes of asthma. The aim of this study was to examine the impact and the molecular mechanism of temperature‐invoked airway inflammation using an experimental model of asthma in BALB/c mice. Methods Mice were exposed to different temperature conditions (steady 26°C, 26°C/18°C cycle, 26°C/10°C cycle) and received sensitization and challenge of ovalbumin (OVA) during a 21‐day period. HC030031, a selective transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) channel blocker, was used to investigate the underlying mechanism of TRPA1 in ‘asthmatic’ airways. After the final OVA challenge, in vivo lung function was measured, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and pulmonary inflammation were assessed. Results The temperature variations, especially the largest temperature difference (16°C), exacerbated airway inflammation in OVA‐induced mice, increasing the levels of serum total‐IgE (immunoglobulin E) and IgG1, inflammatory cells and cytokines in BALF. Analysis of histopathological changes and lung function verified that repeated exposure to very cold and changed temperatures aggravated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Significant upregulation of TRPA1 expression was revealed by immunohistochemistry in the presence of the largest temperature variation (26°C/10°C cycle), while administration of HC030031 successfully inhibited TRPA1 expression, thus attenuating the asthma‐like pathological features. Conclusion Repeated exposure to temperature variation exacerbated experimental ‘asthma’ and TRPA1 mediated this temperature‐dependent inflammatory effect.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated exposure to temperature variation exacerbates airway inflammation through TRPA1 in a mouse model of asthma

Kang

Chen

et al. 2018

Respirology

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“…People with EIB have asthma symptoms only when they exercise (4). EIB prevalence rates vary depending on the sport and population studied, with the highest prevalence rates of 30% to 50% seen in children and adolescents, elite athletes, cold weather conditions, and high-ventilation sports (track, cross country running, soccer, ice hockey, swimming, and cross-country skiing) (1,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Athletic Trainers' Experience and Comfort with Evaluation and Management of Asthma: A Pilot Study

2009

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Results of this pilot study indicate that athletic trainers have opportunities to help athletes manage asthma symptoms that can compromise athletic performance or limit sports participation. However, few athletic trainers are very comfortable managing asthma, and most are unsatisfied with their asthma education. Further study is needed to determine the effect of enhanced asthma education on athletic trainers' comfort and skills with asthma evaluation and management.

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“…Secondly, there are major differences between OC and CCR diving in terms of breathing mechanics, as the breathing valves of a CCR have very low resistance, as opposed to those in OC. However, increased respiratory resistance is only seen at high ventilation rates, such as associated with exercise above 150 watts ( Butcher et al, 2006 ), which was unlikely in both dives. Indeed, exercise intensity inferred from surface equivalent air consumption corresponded to a low- to moderate-intensity energy expenditure ( Buzzacott et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart Rate Variability During a Standard Dive: A Role for Inspired Oxygen Pressure?

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Heart rate variability (HRV) during underwater diving has been infrequently investigated because of environment limitations and technical challenges. This study aims to analyze HRV changes while diving at variable hyperoxia when using open circuit (OC) air diving apparatus or at constant hyperoxia using a closed-circuit rebreather (CCR). We used HRV analysis in time and frequency domain adding nonlinear analysis which is more adapted to short-time analysis and less dependent on respiratory rate (Sinus respiratory arrhythmia).Materials and Methods: 18 males, 12 using OC (30 mfw for 20 min) and 6 using CCR (30 mfw for 40 min.). HRV was recorded using a polar recorder. Four samples of R-R intervals representing the dive were saved for HRV analysis. Standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), square root of the mean squared differences between successive RR intervals (rMSSD), and average RR intervals (RR) in time-domain; low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) in frequency domain were investigated. Nonlinear analysis included fractal dimension (FrD).Results: SDNN and rMSSD were significantly increased during descent and at depth with OC, not with CCR. Mean RR interval was longer at depth with OC, but only during ascent and after the dive with CCR. HF power was higher than baseline during the descent both with OC and CCR and remained elevated at depth for OC. The LF/HF ratio was significantly lower than baseline for descent and at depth with both OC and CCR. After 30 min of recovery, the LF/HF ratio was higher than baseline with both OC and CCR. Nonlinear analysis detected differences at depth for OC and CCR.Discussion: Increased parasympathetic tone was present during diving. RR duration, SDNN; rMSSD, HF spectral power all increased during the dive above pre-dive levels. Conversely, HF power decreased (and the LF/HF increased) 30 min after the dive. Using FrD, a difference was detected between OC and CCR, which may be related to differences in partial pressure of oxygen breathed during the dive.

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Exercise-induced Asthma in the Competitive Cold Weather Athlete

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

Repeated exposure to temperature variation exacerbates airway inflammation through TRPA1 in a mouse model of asthma

Repeated exposure to temperature variation exacerbates airway inflammation through TRPA1 in a mouse model of asthma

Athletic Trainers' Experience and Comfort with Evaluation and Management of Asthma: A Pilot Study

Heart Rate Variability During a Standard Dive: A Role for Inspired Oxygen Pressure?

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