Exercise-induced biochemical changes and their potential influence on cancer: a scientific review

Thomas, Robert; Kenfield, Stacey A.; Jiménez, Alfonso

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096343

Cited by 93 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 168 publications

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“…Another possible mechanism is that PA decreases the amount of visceral fat. Oestrogen and the neuropeptide cytokine leptin are generated in fat cells, especially in post‐menopausal women (Thomas, Kenfield, & Jimenez, ). This may be one explanation for the larger effect of PA in older women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical activity and survival following breast cancer

et al. 2019

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Introduction Physical activity (PA) leads to improved survival in women following the diagnosis of breast cancer, but it is less clear whether PA has equally positive effects regardless of age at diagnosis. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association between post‐diagnosis PA and survival in women aged below or over 55 years at diagnosis. Methods From a prospective population‐based cohort of Swedish women, we included 847 women, aged 34–84 years, who were diagnosed with breast cancer from 1992 to 2012. A PA score was calculated based on three different questions regarding self‐reported PA. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the association between PA and mortality. Results A significant association between PA score and all‐cause mortality was observed, in a dose–response manner (ptrend = 0.01). The mortality was clearly lower in the most active compared to the least active group (hazard ratio 0.29, 95% confidence intervals 0.09–0.90). A subgroup analysis showed that the improved survival was only seen in women over 55 years of age at diagnosis. Conclusion Physical activity, which is a modifiable lifestyle factor, should be encouraged after breast cancer diagnosis, especially in women with post‐menopausal breast cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age at diagnosis, years, mean (SD) 59.6 (9.8) are generated in fat cells, especially in post-menopausal women (Thomas, Kenfield, & Jimenez, 2017). This may be one explanation for the larger effect of PA in older women.…”

Section: Characteristics Mean (Sd)/n (%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and survival following breast cancer

et al. 2019

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“…Furthermore, both indirect and direct effects of exercise may be therapeutic in this population, as demonstrated by Robert Thomas’ group 5. We see this concept of individualisation make a reappearance in the review article regarding exercise and brain health by Canada Research Chair, Dr Teresa Liu-Ambrose 6…”

Section: Pushing the Envelope In Exercise Medicine Toomentioning

confidence: 89%

Paradoxes and personalised medicine: from preseason to post-diagnosis

Thornton

2017

Br J Sports Med

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“…Regular exercise has been shown to decrease the incidence of mortality in cancer and it is suggested that this could be partly due to the fact, that exercise increases the activity of DNA repair enzymes [110]. Oxidative DNA base damage is primarily repaired via the base excision repair pathway that is initiated by DNA glycosylases.…”

Section: Base Excision Repairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise effects on physiological function during aging

Radák

Torma

Berkes

et al. 2019

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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A B S T R A C TThe decrease in cognitive/motor functions and physical abilities severely affects the aging population in carrying out daily activities. These disabilities become a burden on individuals, families and society in general. It is known that aging conditions are ameliorated with regular exercise, which attenuates the age-associated decline in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreases in oxidative damage to molecules, and functional impairment in various organs. While benefits of physical exercise are welldocumented, the molecular mechanisms responsible for functional improvement and increases in health span are not well understood. Recent findings imply that exercise training attenuates the age-related deterioration in the cellular housekeeping system, which includes the proteasome, Lon protease, autophagy, mitophagy, and DNA repair systems, which beneficially impacts multiple organ functions. Accumulating evidence suggests that exercise lessens the deleterious effects of aging. However, it seems unlikely that systemic effects are mediated through a specific biomarker. Rather, complex multifactorial mechanisms are involved to maintain homeostatic functions that tend to decline with age. Increased levels of VO 2 max not only decrease the incidence of

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Exercise-induced biochemical changes and their potential influence on cancer: a scientific review

Cited by 93 publications

References 168 publications

Physical activity and survival following breast cancer

Physical activity and survival following breast cancer

Paradoxes and personalised medicine: from preseason to post-diagnosis

Exercise effects on physiological function during aging

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