“…A total of ten studies with 3129 adolescent athletes were included, and their ages ranged from seven to 20 years. Three studies were conducted in the USA [ 15 - 17 ], one in Greece [ 18 ], one in Tunisia [ 19 ], one in Poland [ 20 ], one in Japan [ 21 ], one in Germany [ 22 ], one in Iran [ 23 ], and one in Brazil [ 24 ]. Five studies were cross-sectional studies [ 15 , 16 , 19 , 21 , 23 ], three were cohort studies [ 18 , 22 , 24 ], one was a prospective study [ 20 ], and one was an observational study [ 17 ].…”