Exercise-Induced Cardiovascular Adaptations and Approach to Exercise and Cardiovascular Disease

Martinez, Matthew W.; Kim, Jonathan H.; Shah, Ankit B.; Phelan, Dermot; Emery, Michael S.; Wasfy, Meagan M.; Fernández, Antonio B.; Bunch, T. Jared; Dean, Peter N.; Danielian, Alfred; Krishnan, Sheela; Baggish, Aaron L.; Eijsvogels, Thijs M. H.; Chung, Eugene H.; Levine, Benjamin D.

doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.08.003

Cited by 84 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…A higher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with a lower risk for a severe COVID-19 course 19 and long- COVID-19 syndrome and partly attributed to an enhanced vascular function 20 . Hence, both the exercise-induced adaptations of the cardiovascular system, leading to an enhanced vascular function compared to non-athletes 17 , and the high fitness level of elite athletes might mitigate the course of COVID-19 with reduction of the vascular impairment that is associated with the infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Vascular alterations among male elite athletes recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection

Bauer

Kraushaar²,

Dörr

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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SARS-CoV-2 may affect the cardiovascular system and vascular impairment has been reported in healthy young adults recovering from COVID-19. However, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the vascular function of elite athletes is unknown. We examined 30 healthy male elite athletes (age 25.8 ± 4.6 years) pre-season and at a 6-month follow-up (182 ± 10 days). Vascular function and central blood pressure were calculated using transfer function-based analysis of peripheral arterial waveforms obtained by oscillometry. We performed a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA on the biomarker data, with SARS-CoV-2 status as the between-groups factor and time as the within-groups factor. Subjects who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were studied 18 ± 4 days after their positive testing date at follow-up. Of 30 athletes, 15 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after the first examination and prior to the follow-up. None had severe COVID-19 or reported any persisting symptoms. The results of the two-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed that there was no significant main effect of COVID-19 on any of the investigated biomarkers. However, there was a significant interaction between the effects of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and time on augmentation index (Aix) (p = 0.006) and augmentation index normalized to a heart rate of 75 beats per minute (Aix@75), (p = 0.0018). The observation of an interaction effect on Aix and Aix@75 in the absence of any main effect indicates a cross-over interaction. Significant vascular alterations in male elite athletes recovering from COVID-19 were observed that suggest vascular impairment. Whether these alterations affect athletic performance should be evaluated in future studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Vascular alterations among male elite athletes recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection

Bauer

Kraushaar²,

Dörr

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…They are eligible to return to play if the left ventricular ejection fraction and serum biomarkers have normalized, and if no clinically relevant arrhythmias are detected on Holter and ECG [29] . If a CMR was used to make the initial diagnosis of myocarditis, repeat CMR scanning may be reasonable to help guide clinical decision making regarding athletes’ return to participation [81] . Consideration should be given to managing individuals who partake in moderate to high intensity exercise, but are not competitive athletes, in the same way.…”

Section: Treatment and Follow-up Of Covid-19 Related Myocarditismentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term cardiac surveillance and outcomes of COVID-19 patients

Mitrani¹,

Dabas²,

Alfadhli³

et al. 2022

Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine

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“…Nevertheless, even with regular cortical network function and volitional drive, an important prerequisite for physical performance and endurance is an appropriate oxygen and energy supply which is physiologically adapted rapidly by appropriate changes of cardiac, pulmonary and vascular function parameters ( 38 ). Furthermore, effective movements rely on an accurate orchestration of motor units which is a complex computational task for the CNS ( 39 ).…”

Section: Introduction: Fatigue In Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The pathophysiology of motor fatigue and fatigability in multiple sclerosis

Patejdl

Zettl

2022

Front. Neurol.

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Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous immune mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Fatigue is one of the most common and disabling symptom of MS. It interferes with daily activities on the level of cognition and motor endurance. Motor fatigue can either result from lesions in cortical networks or motor pathways (“primary fatigue”) or it may be a consequence of detraining with subsequent adaptions of muscle and autonomic function. Programmed exercise interventions are used frequently to increase physical fitness in MS-patients. Studies investigating the effects of training on aerobic capacity, objective endurance and perceived fatigability have yielded heterogenous results, most likely due to the heterogeneity of interventions and patients, but probably also due to the non-uniform pathophysiology of fatigability among MS-patients. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the pathophysiology of motor fatigability with special reference to the basic exercise physiology that underlies our understanding of both pathogenesis and treatment interventions.

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Exercise-Induced Cardiovascular Adaptations and Approach to Exercise and Cardiovascular Disease

Cited by 84 publications

References 129 publications

Vascular alterations among male elite athletes recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection

Vascular alterations among male elite athletes recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection

Long-term cardiac surveillance and outcomes of COVID-19 patients

The pathophysiology of motor fatigue and fatigability in multiple sclerosis

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