Exercise-induced enhancement of immune function in the rat.

Kaufman, Jolanta; Harris, Tamara J.; Higgins, Joseph; Maisel, Alan

doi:10.1161/01.cir.90.1.525

Cited by 40 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Taken together, the data suggest either that there is a selective uptake of CD8 + T cells in the testis or that there may be a preferential selection of primed CD8 + T cells that then recirculate through this organ [49]. The percentage of isolated blood lymphocytes that expressed the NK cell receptor in the present study (3.0%) was similar in magnitude to the percentage of NK cells in peripheral rat blood that has been reported previously [37,50]. From the results obtained in the present study, moreover, it is clear that NK cells are a major lymphocyte subpopulation within the rat testis, essentially composing approximately 30% of the overall lymphocyte population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Characterization of Lymphocytes in the Adult Rat Testis by Flow Cytometry: Effects Of Activin and Transforming Growth Factor β on Lymphocyte Subsets in Vitro1

Tompkins¹,

Hutchinson

Kretser³

et al. 1998

Biology of Reproduction

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The rat testis is considered to be an immunologically privileged site because of its reduced capacity to support antigen-specific immune responses. To understand this phenomenon, it is essential to characterize both the lymphocyte subpopulations normally present in the testis and their regulation by testicular cytokines. Peripheral blood was obtained from adult male Dark Agouti or Sprague-Dawley rats, and testicular interstitial tissue was collected after perfusion of the testes to remove blood. Blood and testis lymphocytes were isolated using discontinuous Percoll density gradients, and the testicular lymphocytes were further purified by selective adherence to remove mononuclear phagocytes. The isolated lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry using specific monoclonal antibodies and fluorescein labeling and were enumerated as total T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. In contrast to peripheral blood, in which the CD4+ T-cell subset was the major lymphocyte subset, rat testis T cells were predominantly of the CD8+ subset, and a large population of NK cells also were present. Subsequently, peripheral blood lymphocytes were stimulated with the polyclonal T-cell activator, phytohemagglutinin, and cultured in the presence of activin, inhibin, or transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) prior to flow cytometric analysis. Activin and TGFbeta suppressed T-cell proliferation without any selective effect on either T-cell subset, and inhibin had no effect. The predominance of CD8+ T cells and NK cells, and the relatively minor proportion of CD4+ T cells, are consistent with both increased cellular immune surveillance and a reduced capacity for initiating antigen-specific immune responses in the adult rat testis.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Characterization of Lymphocytes in the Adult Rat Testis by Flow Cytometry: Effects Of Activin and Transforming Growth Factor β on Lymphocyte Subsets in Vitro1

Tompkins¹,

Hutchinson

Kretser³

et al. 1998

Biology of Reproduction

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This subsequently reduces the level of pro-inflammatory factors, such as the cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β (Eyre and Baune, 2012), chemokines (Ostrowski et al, 2001), TLRs (Gleeson et al, 2006), and CRP (Koletzko, 2003), helping in alleviating both systemic and neuroinflammation, the latter being the causal factor for most psychiatric disorders. An increase in the number of T lymphocytes and NK cells after PE (Kaufman et al, 1994) strengthens adaptive immunity. Modulation of glial cells, T cells, and macrophages in the brain by PE also helps in reducing the neurotoxic effects and enhances neurogenesis in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus (Eyre and Baune, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and molecular mechanisms of immunomodulation in the brain through environmental enrichment

Singhal

Jaehne

Corrigan

et al. 2014

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

165

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent studies on environmental enrichment (EE) have shown cytokines, cellular immune components [e.g., T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells], and glial cells in causal relationship to EE in bringing out changes to neurobiology and behavior. The purpose of this review is to evaluate these neuroimmune mechanisms associated with neurobiological and behavioral changes in response to different EE methods. We systematically reviewed common research databases. After applying all inclusion and exclusion criteria, 328 articles remained for this review. Physical exercise (PE), a form of EE, elicits anti-inflammatory and neuromodulatory effects through interaction with several immune pathways including interleukin (IL)-6 secretion from muscle fibers, reduced expression of Toll-like receptors on monocytes and macrophages, reduced secretion of adipokines, modulation of hippocampal T cells, priming of microglia, and upregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 in central nervous system. In contrast, immunomodulatory roles of other enrichment methods are not studied extensively. Nonetheless, studies showing reduction in the expression of IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in response to enrichment with novel objects and accessories suggest anti-inflammatory effects of novel environment. Likewise, social enrichment, though considered a necessity for healthy behavior, results in immunosuppression in socially defeated animals. This has been attributed to reduction in T lymphocytes, NK cells and IL-10 in subordinate animals. EE through sensory stimuli has been investigated to a lesser extent and the effect on immune factors has not been evaluated yet. Discovery of this multidimensional relationship between immune system, brain functioning, and EE has paved a way toward formulating environ-immuno therapies for treating psychiatric illnesses with minimal use of pharmacotherapy. While the immunomodulatory role of PE has been evaluated extensively, more research is required to investigate neuroimmune changes associated with other enrichment methods.

show abstract

“…Further, regular moderate exercise has immune-enhancing effects [1]. However, the potential for exercise to protect against a systemic inflammatory response has not been explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic exercise and the pro-inflammatory response to endotoxin in the serum and heart

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exercise-induced enhancement of immune function in the rat.

Cited by 40 publications

References 31 publications

Characterization of Lymphocytes in the Adult Rat Testis by Flow Cytometry: Effects Of Activin and Transforming Growth Factor β on Lymphocyte Subsets in Vitro1

Characterization of Lymphocytes in the Adult Rat Testis by Flow Cytometry: Effects Of Activin and Transforming Growth Factor β on Lymphocyte Subsets in Vitro1

Cellular and molecular mechanisms of immunomodulation in the brain through environmental enrichment

Chronic exercise and the pro-inflammatory response to endotoxin in the serum and heart

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About