Exercise-Induced Monocytosis and Modulation of Monocyte Function

Bieger, Wilfried; Weiss, Michele B.; Michel, Gerd; Weicker, H

doi:10.1055/s-2008-1034627

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Early studies of monocytes and exercise (Bieger et al 1980;Rivier et al 1994) not only quantiWed the transient, exerciseinduced monocytosis but also the functional alterations to these cells provoked by exercise (phagocytic activity and cytokine production). More recently, Timmerman et al (2008) reported that exercise training lowered blood monocyte percentages as well as the LPS-stimulated monocyte TNF-production in 65-80-year-old subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower white blood cell counts in elite athletes training for highly aerobic sports

et al. 2010

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White cell counts at rest might be lower in athletes participating in selected endurance-type sports. Here, we analysed blood tests of elite athletes collected over a 10-year period. Reference ranges were established for 14 female and 14 male sports involving 3,679 samples from 937 females and 4,654 samples from 1,310 males. Total white blood cell counts and counts of neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes were quantified. Each sport was scaled (1-5) for its perceived metabolic stress (aerobic-anaerobic) and mechanical stress (concentric-eccentric) by 13 sports physiologists. Substantially lower total white cell and neutrophil counts were observed in aerobic sports of cycling and triathlon (~16% of test results below the normal reference range) compared with team or skill-based sports such as water polo, cricket and volleyball. Mechanical stress of sports had less effect on the distribution of cell counts. The lower white cell counts in athletes in aerobic sports probably represent an adaptive response, not underlying pathology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower white blood cell counts in elite athletes training for highly aerobic sports

et al. 2010

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“…Some investigators reported that the number of leukocytes increases during exercise, and that the extent of the increase varies (5,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), suggesting that the number of leukocytes is related in a complex rather than a simple manner to both the intensity and the duration of exercise. In the present study, the number of leukocytes significantly increased at the 70% and 90% VT work rates with increases in neutrophil counts, without an increase in lymphocyte counts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exercise intensity on circulating leukocyte subpopulations

Saito¹,

Kusaka

Shimada

2003

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between exercise intensity and immune function.Methods: Ten healthy young males underwent a constant work rate exercise of three levels, 90%, 80% and 70% ventilatory threshold (VT) work rate, for 20 min on a bicycle ergometer. These work rates were calculated for each individual based on his VT work rate obtained by the incremental exercise tests. Blood samples were collected before and after the exercise, and immune function indices were measured.Results: Compared with the obtained VO 2 at VT (VTVO 2 ) in the incremental test, the VO 2 with the exercise of 70% VT work rate was at a similar level and the one with the exercise of 90% or 80% VT work rate had a significantly greater value. The numbers of leukocytes and neutrophils significantly increased in the 90% and 70% VT work rate groups. In 80% VT work rate group, the CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly depressed. The CD16 + CD57 − (%), natural killer cell populations, had a tendency to increase at 80% VT work rate, and also the CD16 + CD57 + (%) had a similar tendency at 90% or 80% VT work rate.Conclusions: This study shows that moderate exercise reaching or exceeding the VT level acutely affects T cell and NK cell subsets.

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“…This applies particularly to mononuclear cells: decreases in phagocytic activity (Bieger et al 1980), in Toll-like receptor expression (Lancaster et al 2005), in IL-6 production (Pedersen 1991), and in antigen presentation (Ceddia et al 2000) in monocytes and macrophages have been reported after acute exhaustive exercise, and exercise-induced impairments in lymphocyte function (specifically, suppressed T-cell production of IL-2 (Tvede et al 1993)) and attenuated natural killer cell (NK-cell) cytolytic activity (Pedersen 1991)) have also been reported. As these processes all require an energy source, we hypothesized that any exercise-induced disruptions in the function of AMPK in furnishing mononuclear cells with cellular energy may lead to loss of individual cell function, depressed global immune functions, and exercise-induced immunosuppression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AMPK inactivation in mononuclear cells: a potential intracellular mechanism for exercise-induced immunosuppression

Moir

Butcher

Jones

et al. 2008

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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There is much evidence that prolonged intense exercise suppresses the immune system. However, the intracellular biochemical mechanisms linking exercise and immunosuppression remain obscure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that exercise-induced inactivation of 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) disrupts individual immune cell function, and thus may be linked to exercise-induced immunosuppression. To confirm AMPK's role in immune cells, AMPK activity was assessed in cultured monocytic Mono Mac 6 (MM6) cells. The effects of single bouts of intense exercise (45 min cycling; 70% VO2 max) on several immune parameters including mononuclear cell AMPK phosphorylation were investigated in 10 male volunteers. In vitro, the mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin brought about transient decreases in cellular [ATP] (0.41+/-0.04 pmol/cell to 0.31+/-0.02 pmol/cell), and activation of AMPKalpha1 (170.7%+/-31.2% basal) and the glycolytic enzyme inducible phosphofructokinase 2 (iPFK-2) (225.0%+/-46.1% basal), with the latter effects coinciding with recovery from ATP depletion. In contrast, exercise-induced transient (approximately 1 h) decreases in AMPKalpha1 phosphorylation (64.4%+/-17.6% basal). This AMPK inactivation coincided with comparable transient decreases in other immune parameters (salivary IgA levels, serum cytokine levels, monocyte CD36 expression). Although the brief exercise bout employed here is not sufficient to cause full-fledged immunosuppression, exercise-induced transient decreases in mononuclear cell AMPK activation (as seen in this study) may cause energy depletion within individual immune cells, and therefore have an impact upon their ability to carry out their functions. Thus, we suggest that prolonged, repeated, high-intensity exercise that leads to clinically relevant immunosuppression may do so via AMPK inactivation within immune cells.

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Exercise-Induced Monocytosis and Modulation of Monocyte Function

Cited by 29 publications

References 19 publications

Lower white blood cell counts in elite athletes training for highly aerobic sports

Lower white blood cell counts in elite athletes training for highly aerobic sports

Effects of exercise intensity on circulating leukocyte subpopulations

AMPK inactivation in mononuclear cells: a potential intracellular mechanism for exercise-induced immunosuppression

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