Exercise-induced oxidative stress and melatonin supplementation: current evidence

Kruk, Joanna; Aboul‐Enein, Basil H.; Duchnik, Ewa

doi:10.1186/s12576-021-00812-2

Cited by 60 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Although it is mainly produced by the pineal gland and directly released into the blood or cerebrospinal fluid, melatonin is also found in several extra pineal tissues, including the brain, retina, liver, skeletal muscle, and so on ( Acuña-Castroviejo et al, 2014 ). Substantial evidence has confirmed the regulatory role of melatonin in circadian and seasonal rhythms ( Reiter et al, 2010 ; Brzezinski et al, 2021 ; Pevet et al, 2021 ; Hardeland, 2022 ), antioxidant ( Rodriguez et al al, 2004 ; Manchester et al, 2015 ; Reiter et al, 2016 ; Ortiz-Franco et al, 2017 ; Galano et al, 2018 ; Chitimus et al, 2020 ; Kruk et al, 2021 ) and anti-inflammatory effects ( Mauriz et al, 2013 ) among others. In addition to these benefits, our research group has demonstrated the ergogenic effect of melatonin in the increasing exhaustive aerobic exercise tolerance of nocturnal animals ( Beck et al, 2015A ; Beck et al, 2016 ; Faria et al, 2021 ), whereas the effect of melatonin on metabolic recovery after physical exercise is less reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Melatonin Potentiates Exercise-Induced Increases in Skeletal Muscle PGC-1α and Optimizes Glycogen Replenishment

et al. 2022

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Compelling evidence has demonstrated the effect of melatonin on exhaustive exercise tolerance and its modulatory role in muscle energy substrates at the end of exercise. In line with this, PGC-1α and NRF-1 also seem to act on physical exercise tolerance and metabolic recovery after exercise. However, the literature still lacks reports on these proteins after exercise until exhaustion for animals treated with melatonin. Thus, the aim of the current study was to determine the effects of acute melatonin administration on muscle PGC-1α and NRF-1, and its modulatory role in glycogen and triglyceride contents in rats subjected to exhaustive swimming exercise at an intensity corresponding to the anaerobic lactacidemic threshold (iLAn). In a randomized controlled trial design, thirty-nine Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: control (CG = 10), rats treated with melatonin (MG = 9), rats submitted to exercise (EXG = 10), and rats treated with melatonin and submitted to exercise (MEXG = 10). Forty-eight hours after the graded exercise test, the animals received melatonin (10 mg/kg) or vehicles 30 min prior to time to exhaustion test in the iLAn (tlim). Three hours after tlim the animals were euthanized, followed by muscle collection for specific analyses: soleus muscles for immunofluorescence, gluteus maximus, red and white gastrocnemius for the assessment of glycogen and triglyceride contents, and liver for the measurement of glycogen content. Student t-test for independent samples, two-way ANOVA, and Newman keuls post hoc test were used. MEXG swam 120.3% more than animals treated with vehicle (EXG; p < 0.01). PGC-1α and NRF-1 were higher in MEXG with respect to the CG (p < 0.05); however, only PGC-1α was higher for MEXG when compared to EXG. Melatonin reduced the triglyceride content in gluteus maximus, red and white gastrocnemius (F = 6.66, F = 4.51, and F = 6.02, p < 0.05). The glycogen content in red gastrocnemius was higher in MEXG than in CG (p = 0.01), but not in EXG (p > 0.05). In conclusion, melatonin was found to enhance exercise tolerance, potentiate exercise-mediated increases in PGC-1α, decrease muscle triglyceride content and increase muscle glycogen 3 h after exhaustive exercise, rapidly providing a better cellular metabolic environment for future efforts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Melatonin Potentiates Exercise-Induced Increases in Skeletal Muscle PGC-1α and Optimizes Glycogen Replenishment

et al. 2022

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“…Although melatonin has numerous good effects (23,66), there have been some isolated reports of a few unpleasant side effects (e.g., a modest increase in blood pressure due to nitric oxide synthase downregulation) (37,45,46,50,51). Notably, it is well recognized that diurnal melatonin ingestion in young healthy men might result in sleepiness, weariness, alertness deficiency, loss of balance, and poor coordination (35,46).…”

Section: Adverse Occurrences Related To Oral Melatonin Dosingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, research into the antioxidant effects on exercise-induced heart injury has become a focus of interest for athletes, coaches, exercise physiologists, and free radical biologists. Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of antioxidant (including melatonin) consumption, either through food or supplementation, in reducing exercise-induced oxidative stress (22,23). However, there are still concerns and reservations about the role of melatonin in exercise physiology, despite the fact that melatonin's physiology has been thoroughly investigated in animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Potential Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Athletic Performance

Souissi

Dergaa

2022

Int J Sport Stud Hlth

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Background: Melatonin is a pineal gland hormone. Melatonin is often used to treat insomnia and enhance sleep quality in a range of situations, including jet lag. However, the benefit and safety profile of daytime melatonin dosing prior to exercise are unknown and warrant additional exploration. Objectives: We aimed to give (i) a brief overview of the beneficial effects of exogenous melatonin administration on sports performance and (ii) some recommendations for acute use of melatonin with a special focus on humans’ physical activity and athletic performance. Methods: To ascertain the effect of exogenous melatonin administration on humans, a systematic review of the literature was undertaken using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Numerous studies in animals have demonstrated the positive impact of melatonin treatment during physical exercise. However, uncertainty remains regarding melatonin's effect on human exercise physiology. Therefore, the present review focuses almost entirely on data obtained from humans. Results: The gathered data indicate that consuming melatonin at night improves sleep quality. In terms of physical activity and sports performance, past research has demonstrated that melatonin administration has a good effect on decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation induced by exercise and providing additional protection for skeletal muscle against exercise-induced oxidative damage in humans. However, when taken at bedtime, melatonin may have an unfavourable influence on performance during acute and strenuous exercise. Conclusions: Exogenous melatonin administration prior to exercise shows significant chronobiotic, antioxidant, antiadrenergic, and hypothermic effects and may represent a fascinating potential weight loss method. However, consuming a high amount of melatonin (6 mg) 50 minutes prior to commencing exercise is not recommended because it may interfere with the physiological reactions to physical activity. Melatonin-related adverse effects were mainly transient and were associated with daytime doses. Melatonin should therefore be provided at night whenever possible.

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“…Melatonin ( N -acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), which is the pineal gland’s primary product, regulates circadian rhythm, sleep, and sexual behavior ( Dergaa, Varma, et al, 2021 ; Pandi-Perumal et al, 2008 ; Souissi et al, 2019 ). Melatonin is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects ( Escames et al, 2012 ; Kruk et al, 2021 ; Souissi et al, 2018 , 2019 ; Watson et al, 2016 ). Several researchers have looked into the effects of melatonin on endurance exercise ( Alonso et al, 2006 ; Maldonado et al, 2012 ; Souissi et al, 2018 , 2019 ; Veneroso et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several researchers have looked into the effects of melatonin on endurance exercise ( Alonso et al, 2006 ; Maldonado et al, 2012 ; Souissi et al, 2018 , 2019 ; Veneroso et al, 2009 ). A single dose of exogenous melatonin, given before submaximal exercise, was reported to reduce oxidative stress, inflammation, and muscle damage ( Alonso et al, 2006 ; Kruk et al, 2021 ; Maldonado et al, 2012 ; Veneroso et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Daytime Ingestion of Melatonin on Thyroid Hormones Responses to Acute Submaximal Exercise in Healthy Active Males: A Pilot Study

et al. 2022

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It is well known that exercise increases the activity of thyroid glands and raises the blood level of melatonin. The increase of melatonin during exercise may be linked to a rise in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). No previous study has investigated the combined effects of melatonin ingestion and acute submaximal exercise on thyroid hormones’ responses. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the effects of daytime ingestion of melatonin on thyroid hormones’ responses to acute submaximal exercise. After 50 min of either melatonin (6 mg) or placebo ingestion, eight physical education students (mean ± standard deviation of age: 22 ± 1 years) were asked to run for 45 min at 60% of their maximum aerobic speed. Free thyroxine (fT4) and TSH were measured in plasma samples before and immediately after exercise. After submaximal exercise, TSH increased by 54% in both placebo and melatonin conditions. There was no significant (Condition × Exercise) interaction, and no significant condition effect for TSH. The fT4 remained unchanged before/after submaximal exercise in both placebo [15.2 (1.9) and 15.0 (1.6) pmol/L, respectively, p > .05], and melatonin [16.7 (2.7) and 16.3 (2.7) pmol/L, respectively, p > .05] conditions. There was no significant (Condition × Exercise) interaction, no significant exercise effect, and no significant condition effect for fT4. To conclude, acute melatonin ingestion did not affect thyroid hormones’ responses to submaximal exercise.

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Exercise-induced oxidative stress and melatonin supplementation: current evidence

Cited by 60 publications

References 126 publications

Melatonin Potentiates Exercise-Induced Increases in Skeletal Muscle PGC-1α and Optimizes Glycogen Replenishment

Melatonin Potentiates Exercise-Induced Increases in Skeletal Muscle PGC-1α and Optimizes Glycogen Replenishment

An Overview of the Potential Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Athletic Performance

The Effect of Daytime Ingestion of Melatonin on Thyroid Hormones Responses to Acute Submaximal Exercise in Healthy Active Males: A Pilot Study

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