Exercise-induced skeletal muscle angiogenesis: impact of age, sex, angiocrines and cellular mediators

Abstract

Exercise-induced skeletal muscle angiogenesis is a well-known physiological adaptation that occurs in humans in response to exercise training and can lead to endurance performance benefits, as well as improvements in cardiovascular and skeletal tissue health. An increase in capillary density in skeletal muscle improves diffusive oxygen exchange and waste extraction, and thus greater fatigue resistance, which has application to athletes but also to the general population. Exercise-induced angiogenesis can significantly contribute to improvements in cardiovascular and metabolic health, such as the increase in muscle glucose uptake, important for the prevention of diabetes. Recently, our understanding of the mechanisms by which angiogenesis occurs with exercise has grown substantially. This review will detail the biochemical, cellular and biomechanical signals for exercise-induced skeletal muscle angiogenesis, including recent work on extracellular vesicles and circulating angiogenic cells. In addition, the influence of age, sex, exercise intensity/duration, as well as recent observations with the use of blood flow restricted exercise, will also be discussed in detail. This review will provide academics and practitioners with mechanistic and applied evidence for optimising training interventions to promote physical performance through manipulating capillarisation in skeletal muscle.

Serum proteomic profiling of physical activity reveals CD300LG as a novel exerkine with a potential causal link to glucose homeostasis

“…Furthermore, the exact link between CD300LG and glucose metabolism is not clear, but possibly related to the fact that CD300LG is expressed in endothelial cells 54 , linked to blood pressure 55 , lymphocyte binding 56 , blood triacylglycerol levels 57,58 and molecular traffic across the capillary endothelium 59 . Both MyoGlu and GD-CAT data also suggested that CD300LG may be related to angiogenesis in ScWAT 60 and SkM 60,61 , at least in men. Hence, we speculate that the link between CD300LG and glucose metabolism is related to improved tissue capillarization/vascular function following prolonged exercise.…”

Rehabilitation of Peripheral Neuropathies: From Lexical Analysis of the Literature to Identification of Clinical Protocols

“…Usually, a personalized session duration and intensity are required. They are particularly important because they allow an adaptation of the patient for the energy requests and the oxygen consumption and a modification of muscle structure and function, which are fundamental for endurance [ 51 ]. Among the exercises, specific protocols exist for entrapment neuropathies.…”

Effects of Supplementation with Microalgae Extract from Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Mi136) to Support Benefits from a Weight Management Intervention in Overweight Women

“…PGC1-α has also been reported to mediate exercise-induced angiogenesis, possibly via angiogenic-regulating factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [99,100,[104][105][106]. Exercise-induced skeletal muscle angiogenesis is a well-known physiological adaptation to exercise and may thereby lead to improved endurance performance capacity and cardiovascular function [104,107]. Moreover, fucoxanthin has been reported to increase Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP 1 )-NRF 2 pathway activity, which participates in regulating angiogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis with positive interactions with the PGC1-α pathway [105,108,109].…”