Exercise intervention as a protective modulator against metabolic disorders in cigarette smokers

Abstract

[Purpose] assess the impact of exercise intensity on desire to smoke, serum cotinine, stress hormones, total antioxidant capacity, and oxidative free radicals as potential markers of cardiopulmonary metabolic disorders were measured.in cigarette smokers. [Subjects and Methods] The participants (150 randomly selected healthy men, aged 18–55 years) were classified into 4 smoking groups: control (non-smokers; N= 30); mild (N = 33); moderate (N = 42), and heavy (N = 45). The participants were assigned to either moderate (8 weeks) or short-term (20–45 min) exercise training. The desire to smoke, Mood and Physical Symptoms Scale, and Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale scores, cotinine, stress hormones (cortisol and testosterone), free radicals (malondialdehyde, nitric oxide), and total antioxidant capacity were evaluated. [Results] Significant increases in serum cotinine, cortisol, testosterone, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde levels and a reduction in total antioxidant capacity activity were observed in all smoker groups; heavy smokers showed a higher change in metabolites. In all smoker groups, both short and moderate- intensity exercises significantly reduce cotinine, cortisol, testosterone, and malondialdehyde and increased nitric oxide levels and total antioxidant capacity activity; further, the desire to smoke, Mood and Physical Symptoms Scale, and Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale scores were reduced. This supports the ability of exercise to increase nitric oxide bioavailability, enhance of blood vessels function and ultimately decrease the incidence of cardiopulmonary disorders. [Conclusion] Exercise interventions with varying intensities may be used as nicotine replacement therapy or protective aids against smoking-related cardiopulmonary disorders.

Evaluating the genetic effects of sex hormone traits on the development of mental traits: a polygenic score analysis and gene-environment-wide interaction study in UK Biobank cohort

“…Another study demonstrated that current smokers of ve or more cigarettes/day showed signi cantly higher levels of testosterone [55]. Signi cant increases in serum testosterone levels were observed in smokers group [56]. Similarly, Johan et al observed that smoking men had 15% higher total testosterone levels compared with non-smoker [57], which was also demonstrated among current smokers It is important to emphasize that our study has two limitations.…”

Evaluating the genetic effects of sex hormone traits on the development of mental traits: a polygenic score analysis and genome-wide genetic interaction analysis in UK Biobank cohort

“…Another study demonstrated that current smokers of ve or more cigarettes/day showed signi cantly higher levels of testosterone [54]. Furthermore, signi cant increases in serum testosterone level were observed in smokers group [55].…”

Evaluating the genetic effects of sex hormone traits on the development of mental traits: a polygenic score analysis and gene-environment-wide interaction study in UK Biobank cohort

“…Another study demonstrated that current smokers of five or more cigarettes/day showed significantly higher levels of testosterone [ 55 ]. Significant increases in serum testosterone levels were observed in smokers group [ 56 ]. Similarly, Johan et al observed that smoking men had 15% higher total testosterone levels compared with non-smoker [ 57 ], which was also demonstrated among current smokers [ 47 ].…”