Exercise modifies fatty acid perception and metabolism

Abstract

Aim Obesity is a major public health issue, which is associated with several chronic diseases. In rodents, voluntary wheel running (VWR) is a type of exercise that influences ingestive behavior. This study aims to investigate the possible function of VWR activity in the perception of fat taste and if it mitigates the immediate effects of fatty acid (FA) ingestion. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were arbitrarily assigned to either a sedentary (SED) lifestyle or free access to a running wheel after 5 weeks of dietary regimen. Later these mice groups were used in the investigations on fat preference, metabolic tolerance, and electrophysiology. Diet‐induced alterations in CD36 and GPR120 expression that are related to fat perception and the capacitative calcium signaling caused by FA in taste bud cells (TBCs) were also examined. Results In obese groups, VWR temporarily reduced body weight, demonstrated improvement in preference scores for FA, and recovered from a deterioration in glucose homeostasis. In CD36‐positive TBCs, electrophysiological investigations showed alterations in [Ca2+]i caused by FA. Further, in the TBCs of circumvallate papillae, there are differences in the expression of the genes CD36 and GPR120 between the active and SED controls. Obese mice also show lower incentive salience for long‐chain fatty acids (LCFA) and adapted to the reward system of VWR which may lead to improved incentive salience accredited to wheel running. Conclusion In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence that VWR causes orosensory adaptations to fat and appears to alter taste preference for LCFAs.

Muscle physiology and its relations to the whole body in health and disease

“…A major pathway that regulates protein synthesis is the IFG1‐Akt/PKB‐mTOR signaling pathway, which promotes protein synthesis via its downstream targets mTOR or GSK3ß or FOXO. Activation of the IFG1‐Akt/PKB‐mTOR signaling pathway can lead to hypertrophy, inhibition can lead to atrophy 3 . In a healthy person, exercise will activate satellite cells via G‐protein‐coupled receptor Gαi2.…”

Nutritional health

“…8,9 In addition to its influence on glucose metabolism, exercise positively influences both organ crosstalk 10 and fatty acid perception and metabolism. 11 The circadian system is a major regulator of metabolic health. Current studies focus on illuminating the underlying mechanisms of the metabolic benefits of time-restricted eating, 12,13 a so-called chrononutritive intervention whose effects are not limited to metabolic syndrome-associated pathologies but also, for example, autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.…”

“…While exercise is recommended in all guidelines aimed at reducing the impact of overnutrition‐associated pathologies, current data indicate a necessary finetuning of exercise regimens to individual metabolic responses 8,9 . In addition to its influence on glucose metabolism, exercise positively influences both organ crosstalk 10 and fatty acid perception and metabolism 11 …”