Exercise, Physical Activity, and Cardiometabolic Health

Belanger, Matthew J; Rao, Prashant; Robbins, Jeremy

doi:10.1097/crd.0000000000000417

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 199 publications

(232 reference statements)

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“…28,95 This is of relevance to sports participation at both elite and community levels, given regular participation in sports and exercise plays an important role in improving and mediating cardiometabolic health. 96 An analysis of United States survey data (n = ~2.7 million adults, including ~3000 trans adults) reports a two to fourfold increase in the rate of myocardial infarctions in both trans men and women, compared to cis population, 97 with a further cross-sectional analysis of ~4000 trans adults and cis reference cohorts (n ~100,000) finding a significantly higher incidence of venous thromboembolism in trans women. 98 A 2019 systematic review 28 found varied evidence of GAHT-related changes in cardiometabolic risk markers, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations.…”

Section: Effects Of Gaht On Metabolic and Disease Risk Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implications of gender-affirming endocrine care for sports participation

Moreland

Cheung

Hiam

et al. 2023

Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology

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Many transgender (trans) individuals utilize gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) to promote changes in secondary sex characteristics to affirm their gender. Participation rates of trans people in sport are exceedingly low, yet given high rates of depression and increased cardiovascular risk, the potential benefits of sports participation are great. In this review, we provide an overview of the evidence surrounding the effects of GAHT on multiple performance-related phenotypes, as well as current limitations. Whilst data is clear that there are differences between males and females, there is a lack of quality evidence assessing the impact of GAHT on athletic performance. Twelve months of GAHT leads to testosterone concentrations that align with reference ranges of the affirmed gender. Feminizing GAHT in trans women increases fat mass and decreases lean mass, with opposite effects observed in trans men with masculinizing GAHT. In trans men, an increase in muscle strength and athletic performance is observed. In trans women, muscle strength is shown to decrease or not change following 12 months of GAHT. Haemoglobin, a measure of oxygen transport, changes to that of the affirmed gender within 6 months of GAHT, with very limited data to suggest possible reductions in maximal oxygen uptake as a result of feminizing GAHT. Current limitations of this field include a lack of long-term studies, adequate group comparisons and adjustment for confounding factors (e.g. height and lean body mass), and small sample sizes. There also remains limited data on endurance, cardiac or respiratory function, with further longitudinal studies on GAHT needed to address current limitations and provide more robust data to inform inclusive and fair sporting programmes, policies and guidelines.

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Section: Effects Of Gaht On Metabolic and Disease Risk Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Gaht On Metabolic and Disease Risk Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of gender-affirming endocrine care for sports participation

Moreland

Cheung

Hiam

et al. 2023

Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology

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“…It is known that the practice of PA promotes improvement in body composition, lipid profile, weight loss, vascular health, and homeostasis between plasma glucose and insulin concentration in T1DM and T2DM patients; in addition, these metabolic adjustments can contribute to the reduction of the risk of diseases, especially cardiovascular ones [41][42][43].…”

Section: Maintenance Of Adequate Levels Of Physical Activity For Glyc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“Does Physical Exercise Promote Health Benefits for Diabetic Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic?”: A Systematic Review

Souza,

Meneses-Santos,

Santos

et al. 2023

Sports

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Patients affected by COVID-19 are prone to facing disorders in multiple systems and organs, which can lead to deleterious diseases; in addition, people with pre-existing diseases may be more prone to the worst outcomes, and the most vulnerable are patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of physical activity and/or physical exercise prescribed to individuals with diabetes on the maintenance of plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies were found by searching PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, SciELO, LILACS, SportDiscus, Bireme/BVS and Google Scholar databases. The inclusion criteria were articles that addressed only patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (T1D and T2D) who had evaluated the level of physical activity or physical exercise and described the effects on plasma glucose and/or glycated hemoglobin in cross-sectional, retrospective, and observational studies, meeting the main criteria established by GRADE. The PICO and GRADE strategies were used to select and assess the methodological quality of studies. Two reviewers searched and selected the articles in databases independently and blindly, during which oppositions and disagreements about the inclusion of articles were discussed and resolved by a third reviewer. Evidence corroborates that levels of physical activity were reduced due to the lockdown, leading to increased body weight and worse glycemic control. On the other hand, individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) (T1D and T2D) who maintained and/or increased levels of physical activity or physical exercise showed reduced plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Adequate levels of physical exercise and physical activity are beneficial for glucose and HbA1c control in diabetic patients (type 1 or type 2). In addition, maintaining adequate levels of physical activity can contribute to reducing health problems when these patients are infected with COVID-19.

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“…Physical activity has clear benefits on cardiometabolic health, 12 but its relationship to sleep is less understood. There are some studies suggesting physical activity is related to shorter sleep duration, 13 but others have suggested that sleep quality is higher with more physical activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep, Stress, and Cardiometabolic Health in Women of Childbearing Age with Overweight and Obesity

Farabi,

Schwarz,

Persaud

et al. 2024

Women's Health Reports

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Background: Sleep is important for health, but its relationship to cardiometabolic health in women of childbearing age remains unclear. Furthermore, stress, unmet basic needs, and lack of physical activity may be related to disrupted sleep and poor cardiometabolic health in women of childbearing age and these relationships may differ by ethnicity. The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationship between sleep, markers of cardiometabolic health, stress, unmet basic needs, and physical activity in women of childbearing age with overweight or obesity and identify if these relationships differed between women that identified as Latino/Hispanic and non-Latino/Hispanic ethnicity. Methods: A secondary cross-sectional analysis was conducted using baseline data from a trial that embeds healthy eating and activity into a national home visiting program, Parents as Teachers. The sample was stratified based on self-reported ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino or non-Hispanic/Latino). Pearson's and Spearman's correlations were used to determine bivariate relationships among sleep, cardiometabolic variables, stress, unmet basic needs, and physical activity. Results: Two hundred seventy-six women, 46% of whom identified as Hispanic/Latino, were included in the analysis. Body mass index (BMI) was significantly correlated with sleep disturbance (ρ = 0.23, p = 0.01) in women who identify as Hispanic/Latino. Stress was positively related to sleep disturbance, sleep duration, and unmet needs for both groups of women. BMI was correlated with unmet basic needs in women who identified as non-Hispanic/Latino (ρ = 0.25, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Our results suggest that sleep, stress, and basic needs are important in understanding cardiometabolic health in women of childbearing age and these relationships differ depending on ethnicity. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT03758638.

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Exercise, Physical Activity, and Cardiometabolic Health

Cited by 12 publications

References 199 publications

Implications of gender-affirming endocrine care for sports participation

Implications of gender-affirming endocrine care for sports participation

“Does Physical Exercise Promote Health Benefits for Diabetic Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic?”: A Systematic Review

Sleep, Stress, and Cardiometabolic Health in Women of Childbearing Age with Overweight and Obesity

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