Exercise Prescription for Osteoporosis: Back to Basics

Beck, Belinda R.

doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000281

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(130 reference statements)

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“…The inclusion of women whose ages fell within a wide range and who were of varying menopausal status might also have diluted the effect of PA on bone microarchitecture, as individuals with the lowest bone mass may have the largest response to mechanical loading. [ 39,44 ] However, the analyses were adjusted for age, and the results were similar when adjusted for age or menopausal status. Finally, voluntary participants might be prone to healthy selection bias, which affects the generalizability of the results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Is There a Causal Relationship between Physical Activity and Bone Microarchitecture? A Study of Adult Female Twin Pairs

Nissen

Esser

Bui

et al. 2023

J of Bone & Mineral Res

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The reasons for the association between physical activity (PA) and bone microarchitecture traits are unclear. We examined whether these associations were consistent with causation and/or with shared familial factors using a cross-sectional study of 47 dizygotic and 93 monozygotic female twin pairs aged 31-77 years. Images of the nondominant distal tibia were obtained using high-resolutionperipheral quantitative computed tomography. The bone microarchitecture was assessed using StrAx1.0 software. Based on a self-completed questionnaire, a PA index was calculated as a weighted sum of weekly hours of light (walking, light gardening), moderate (social tennis, golf, hiking), and vigorous activity (competitive active sports) = light + 2 * moderate + 3 * vigorous. We applied Inference about Causation through Examination of FAmiliaL CONfounding (ICE FALCON) to test whether cross-pair cross-trait associations changed after adjustment for within-individual associations. Within-individual distal tibia cortical cross-sectional area (CSA) and cortical thickness were positively associated with PA (regression coefficients [β] = 0.20 and 0.22), while the porosity of the inner transitional zone was negatively associated with PA (β = À0.17), all p < 0.05. Trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and trabecular thickness were positively associated with PA (β = 0.13 and 0.14), and medullary CSA was negatively associated with PA (β = À0.22), all p ≤ 0.01. Cross-pair crosstrait associations of cortical thickness, cortical CSA, and medullary CSA with PA attenuated after adjustment for the within-individual association (p = 0.048, p = 0.062, and p = 0.028 for changes). In conclusion, increasing PA was associated with thicker cortices, larger cortical area, lower porosity of the inner transitional zone, thicker trabeculae, and smaller medullary cavities. The attenuation of cross-pair crosstrait associations after accounting for the within-individual associations was consistent with PA having a causal effect on the improved cortical and trabecular microarchitecture of adult females, in addition to shared familial factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Is There a Causal Relationship between Physical Activity and Bone Microarchitecture? A Study of Adult Female Twin Pairs

Nissen

Esser

Bui

et al. 2023

J of Bone & Mineral Res

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“…4 Improved muscle strength exerts a greater force on bone than gravity; decreased muscle force is associated with bone loss. 21 A systematic review on the effects of different exercise regimens on bone health found that all exercise interventions were effective in preventing bone loss compared with no exercise program, while mind-body exercises were most effective at minimizing vertebral BMD loss. 22 The latter exercises are characterized by slow, gentle, and coordinated movements with breathing suitable for older adults.…”

Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resistance exercises using elastic exercise bands, weights, and weight machines increase muscle strength 4. Improved muscle strength exerts a greater force on bone than gravity; decreased muscle force is associated with bone loss 21…”

Section: Lifestyle Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoporosis

Peacock-Johnson,

Keresztes

2023

Nursing

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“…For osteoporotic patients wanting to increase bone density, high intensity resistance and impact training will be useful. 92 For the rest of us, reaching personal goals – whether they are cardiometabolic, endurance, or strength – is achievable with consistent application.…”

Section: Prescribing Exercise As Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

The skeleton in a physical world

Rubin

Styner

2022

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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All organisms exist within a physical space and respond to physical forces as part of daily life. In higher organisms, the skeleton is critical for locomotion in the physical environment, providing a carapace upon which the animal can move to accomplish functions necessary for living. As such, the skeleton has responded evolutionarily, and does in real-time, to physical stresses placed on it to ensure that its structure supports its function in the sea, in the air, and on dry land. In this article, we consider how those cells responsible for remodeling skeletal structure respond to mechanical force including load magnitude, frequency, and cyclicity, and how force rearranges cellular structure in turn. The effects of these forces to balance the mesenchymal stem cell supply of bone-forming osteoblasts and energy storing adipocytes are addressed. That this phenotypic switching is achieved at the level of both gene transactivation and alteration of structural epigenetic controls of gene expression is considered. Finally, as clinicians, we consider this information as it applies to a prescriptive for intelligent exercise.

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Exercise Prescription for Osteoporosis: Back to Basics

Abstract: Optimum loading for bone was determined from animal studies in the 1980s, yet practical translation has only recently been applied.

Cited by 17 publications

References 102 publications

Is There a Causal Relationship between Physical Activity and Bone Microarchitecture? A Study of Adult Female Twin Pairs

Is There a Causal Relationship between Physical Activity and Bone Microarchitecture? A Study of Adult Female Twin Pairs

Osteoporosis

The skeleton in a physical world

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