Exercise protects against chronic restraint stress-induced oxidative stress in the cortex and hippocampus

Gerecke, Kim M.; Kolobova, Anna; Allen, Sarah M.; Fawer, Jessica L.

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.02.027

Cited by 34 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…Other groups also noted robust alterations in microglia morphology are observed in rodent models of restraint stress (Gerecke et al, 2013;Tynan et al, 2010). These findings were consistent with data using repeated social defeat (RSD) in which significant morphological changes in microglia were associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels in enriched microglia.…”

Section: Stress Induces Microglia Activationsupporting

confidence: 82%

Microglia in neuronal plasticity: Influence of stress

et al. 2015

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Section: Stress Induces Microglia Activationsupporting

confidence: 82%

Microglia in neuronal plasticity: Influence of stress

et al. 2015

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“…A chronic stress model has recently shown increased ramification of microglia together with increased expression of β1‐integrin in the prefrontal cortex (Hinwood et al, ). Furthermore, chronic restraint stress significantly increases cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox‐2) labeling in microglia/macrophages of the hippocampus and cortex of stressed mice, with no change in their cell numbers (Gerecke et al, ). Therefore, the involvement of activated microglia in the cerebral cortex and limbic area under chronic stress is attractive to consider when relating their activation responses to the mechanisms underlying abnormal pain caused by chronic stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Chronic fatigue syndrome model demonstrates mechanical allodynia and muscular hyperalgesia via spinal microglial activation

Yasui

Yoshimura

Takeuchi

et al. 2014

Glia

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Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) display multiple symptoms, such as chronic widespread pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive dysfunction. Abnormal pain sensation may be the most serious of these symptoms; however, its pathophysiology remains unknown. To provide insights into the molecular basis underlying abnormal pain in CFS and FMS, we used a multiple continuous stress (CS) model in rats, which were housed in a cage with a low level of water (1.5 cm in depth). The von Frey and Randall-Seritto tests were used to evaluate pain levels. Results showed that mechanical allodynia at plantar skin and mechanical hyperalgesia at the anterior tibialis (i.e., muscle pain) were induced by CS loading. Moreover, no signs of inflammation and injury incidents were observed in both the plantar skin and leg muscles. However, microglial accumulation and activation were observed in L4-L6 dorsal horn of CS rats. Quantification analysis revealed a higher accumulation of microglia in the medial part of Layers I-IV of the dorsal horn. To evaluate an implication of microglia in pain, minocycline was intrathecally administrated (via an osmotic pump). Minocycline significantly attenuated CS-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia. These results indicated that activated microglia were involved in the development of abnormal pain in CS animals, suggesting that the pain observed in CFS and FMS patients may be partly caused by a mechanism in which microglial activation is involved.

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“…Physical exercise is classified as a type of stress but it also protects against deleterious effects of inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain by various molecular mechanisms. One of these mechanisms includes exercise-induced modulation of ROS levels and AO enzymes (GERECKE et al 2013). Although exercise can induce ROS formation that may be detrimental to cellular functions, it was suggested that regular exercise causes strengthening of cellular antioxidant capabilities by a significant increase of AO enzyme activities, thus increasing resistance to oxidative stress and reducing cellular oxidative damage (MOGHADDASI et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adaptation to different stress stimuli can induce beneficial effects (GERECKE et al 2013).In the brain, exercise has a preventive and therapeutic role in stroke and neurodegenerative diseases (RADAK et al 2013) and it was shown to increase antioxidant gene expression in a variety of tissues, including brain (BRONIKOWSKI et al 2002). Even one swimming session after immobilization stress attenuated oxidative stress markers in rat brain (RADAK et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Enzymes in Brain Cortex of Rats Exposed to Acute, Chronic and Combined Stress

Pejić¹,

Stojikjkovic²,

Todorović³

et al. 2016

folia biol (krakow)

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Antioxidant enzymes in brain cortex of rats exposed to acute, chronic and combined stress. Folia Biologica (Kraków) 64: 189-195. The study deals with manganese superoxide dismutase, copper, zinc superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in brain cortex of Wistar rats exposed to acute stress (immobilization or cold for 2 h), chronic stress (long-term isolation or long-term forced swimming for 21 days), or to combined chronic/acute stress. We observed that i) single episodes of acute stress by immobilization increased activity of both superoxide dismutases; ii) both types of chronic stresses significantly elevated activities of all examined enzymes; iii) chronic social isolation was a much stronger stressor than physical stress by swimming; iv) in animals pre-exposed to chronic isolation, additional stress by immobilization or cold significantly decreased previously elevated activities of all enzymes, while after chronic swimming, acute immobilization lowered only catalase activity. The obtained results indicate that stress conditions most probably altered the cell redox equilibrium, thus influencing the antioxidant response in brain cortex. Further investigation of neuronal prooxidant/antioxidant cellular conditions is needed to improve the prevention and treatment of various stress induced diseases.

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Exercise protects against chronic restraint stress-induced oxidative stress in the cortex and hippocampus

Cited by 34 publications

References 130 publications

Microglia in neuronal plasticity: Influence of stress

Microglia in neuronal plasticity: Influence of stress

A Chronic fatigue syndrome model demonstrates mechanical allodynia and muscular hyperalgesia via spinal microglial activation

Antioxidant Enzymes in Brain Cortex of Rats Exposed to Acute, Chronic and Combined Stress

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