Exercise Similarly Facilitates Men and Women’s Selective Attention Task Response Times but Differentially Affects Memory Task Performance

Coleman, Matt; Offen, Kelsey; Markant, Julie

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01405

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(158 reference statements)

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“…Nevertheless, it is highly interesting that the connectivity strength within the FPN was increased by physical exercise of 'low' intensity: The superior frontal gyrus and the inferior parietal lobule showed a significant increase in rs-FC after 'low'-intensity exercise, while a significant decrease in rs-FC in the superior frontal gyrus was found after 'high'-intensity exercise. Our findings on elevated FC in networks mediating attentional control processes specifically after 'low'-intensity exercise bouts are well in line with a number of studies in the literature that have reported improved attention and cognitive performance after low to moderate exercise bouts [51][52][53]. According to several studies and meta-analysis the relationship between exercise intensity and cognitive performance is Ushaped [54][55][56][57], i.e.…”

Section: Modulation Of the Fpn After 'Low'-intensity Exercisesupporting

confidence: 90%

Modulation of Distinct Intrinsic Resting State Brain Networks by Acute Exercise Bouts of Differing Intensity

Schmitt

Upadhyay

Martin

et al. 2019

BPL

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Acute exercise bouts alter resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC) within cognitive, sensorimotor, and affective networks, but it remains unknown how these effects are influenced by exercise intensity. Twenty-five male athletes underwent individual fitness assessments using an incremental treadmill test. On separate days, they performed 'low' (35% below lactate threshold) and 'high' (20% above lactate threshold) intensity exercise bouts of 30 min. Rs-fMRI and Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) were acquired before and after each exercise bout. Networks of interest were extracted from twenty-two participants (3 dropouts). Pre-to-post changes and between conditions effects were evaluated using FSL's randomise by applying repeated measures ANOVA. Results were reported at p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons using threshold free cluster enhancement. PANAS revealed a significant increase in positive mood after both exercise conditions. Significant effects were observed between conditions in the right affective and reward network (ARN), the right fronto parietal network (FPN) and the sensorimotor network (SMN). Pre-to-post comparisons after 'low' exercise intensity revealed a significant increase in rs-FC in the left and right FPN, while after 'high'-intensity exercise rs-FC decreased in the SMN and the dorsal attention network (DAN) and increased in the left ARN. Supporting recent findings, this study is the first to report distinct rs-FC alterations driven by exercise intensity: (i) Increased rs-FC in FPN may indicate beneficial functional plasticity for cognitive/attentional processing, (ii) increased rs-FC in ARN may be linked to endogenous opioid-mediated internal affective states. Finally, (iii) decreased rs-FC in the SMN may signify persistent motor fatigue. The distinct effects on rs-FC fit with theories of transient persistent network alterations after acute exercise bouts that are mediated by different exercise intensities and impact differentially on cognitive/attentional or affective responses.

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Section: Modulation Of the Fpn After 'Low'-intensity Exercisesupporting

confidence: 90%

Modulation of Distinct Intrinsic Resting State Brain Networks by Acute Exercise Bouts of Differing Intensity

Schmitt

Upadhyay

Martin

et al. 2019

BPL

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“…Among the 6621 articles, 6569 were excluded and 52 full text articles were reviewed. Among these 52 articles, five were duplicates and 22 were ineligible [5,24,25,26,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61] as they did not provide enough data for an effect size calculation. Thus, in total, 25 articles met our inclusionary criteria and were eligible for the quantitative meta-analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Temporal Effects of Acute Exercise on Episodic Memory Function: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

et al. 2019

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Background: Accumulating research demonstrates that the timing of exercise plays an important role in influencing episodic memory. However, we have a limited understanding as to the factors that moderate this temporal effect. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of study characteristics (e.g., exercise modality, intensity and duration of acute exercise) and participant attributes (e.g., age, sex) across each of the temporal periods of acute exercise on episodic memory (i.e., acute exercise occurring before memory encoding, and during memory encoding, early consolidation, and late consolidation). Methods: The following databases were used for our computerized searches: Embase/PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Sports Discus and PsychInfo. Studies were included if they: (1) Employed an experimental design with a comparison to a control group/visit, (2) included human participants, (3) evaluated exercise as the independent variable, (4), employed an acute bout of exercise (defined as a single bout of exercise), (5) evaluated episodic memory as the outcome variable (defined as the retrospective recall of information either in a spatial or temporal manner), and (6) provided sufficient data (e.g., mean, SD, and sample size) for a pooled effect size estimate. Results: In total, 25 articles met our inclusionary criteria and were meta-analyzed. Acute exercise occurring before memory encoding (d = 0.11, 95% CI: −0.01, 0.23, p = 0.08), during early memory consolidation (d = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.67; p < 0.001) and during late memory consolidation (d = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.32, 1.78; p = 0.005) enhanced episodic memory function. Conversely, acute exercise occurring during memory encoding had a negative effect on episodic memory (d = −0.12, 95% CI: −0.22, −0.02; p = 0.02). Various study designs and participant characteristics moderated the temporal effects of acute exercise on episodic memory function. For example, vigorous-intensity acute exercise, and acute exercise among young adults, had greater effects when the acute bout of exercise occurred before memory encoding or during the early memory consolidation period. Conclusions: The timing of acute exercise plays an important role in the exercise-memory interaction. Various exercise- and participant-related characteristics moderate this temporal relationship.

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“…Two intervention studies found sex differences. One study [8] in young individuals (mean age 19.7 years) found that two 10-min sessions of moderate intensity exercise resulted in overall faster performance on a selective attention test in both men and women. Women showed better recognition memory than men, but there was improved object location memory only among men, and only among men who completed the memory task second.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The planned analyses for our trial did not incorporate sex moderation. Few randomized controlled trials have addressed the potential moderation of exercise effects by sex despite the fact that several observational and intervention studies have found sex differences in the cognitive benefit from physical exercise or physical activity [7,8,9,10,11,12,13]. Two meta-analyses [3,14] suggested that women might benefit from aerobic exercise more than men, but these analyses were not based on direct comparison of exercise benefit by sex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two meta-analyses [3,14] suggested that women might benefit from aerobic exercise more than men, but these analyses were not based on direct comparison of exercise benefit by sex. Rather, they simply classified studies based on their overall predominance of men or women [7,8,9,10,11,12,13]. Here we report additional analyses of the data from our study, evaluating the potential moderation of sex on the effect of aerobic exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sex Moderates the Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Some Aspects of Cognition in Cognitively Intact Younger and Middle-Age Adults

Stern

Lee

Predovan

et al. 2019

JCM

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We recently reported the results of a randomized, parallel-group, observer-masked, community-based clinical trial of 132 cognitively normal individuals aged 20–67 with below median aerobic capacity who were randomly assigned to one of two 6-month, four-times-weekly conditions: aerobic exercise and stretching/toning. We now assessed potential sex moderation on exercise-related changes in aerobic capacity, BMI and cognitive function. There was no sex moderation of the effect of aerobic exercise on aerobic capacity or BMI. We had previously reported an effect of aerobic exercise on executive function that was moderated by age. We found additional moderation by sex, such that in any age range men improved more than women. Processing speed showed significant sex moderation but not significant age moderation. In men, processing speed significantly improved by week 12 (b = 0.35, p = 0.0051), but the effect was diminished relative to week 12 at week 24 (b = 0.24, p = 0.0578). In women, there was no exercise effect at either time point (week 12: b = −0.06, p = 0.4156; week 24: b = −0.11, p = 0.1841). Men benefited cognitively more than women from aerobic exercise. This study highlights the importance of using sex-disaggregated analyses when assessing the impact of physical exercise intervention, and the need to ascertain the underlying mechanisms for differential cognitive benefit by sex.

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Exercise Similarly Facilitates Men and Women’s Selective Attention Task Response Times but Differentially Affects Memory Task Performance

Cited by 15 publications

References 106 publications

Modulation of Distinct Intrinsic Resting State Brain Networks by Acute Exercise Bouts of Differing Intensity

Modulation of Distinct Intrinsic Resting State Brain Networks by Acute Exercise Bouts of Differing Intensity

The Temporal Effects of Acute Exercise on Episodic Memory Function: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Sex Moderates the Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Some Aspects of Cognition in Cognitively Intact Younger and Middle-Age Adults

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