Exercise Training and Epigenetic Regulation: Multilevel Modification and Regulation of Gene Expression

Soci, Úrsula Paula Renó; Melo, Stéphano Freitas Soares; Gomes, João Pedro Perez; Silveira, André Casanova; Nóbrega, Clara; Oliveira, Edilamar Menezes de

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-4304-8_16

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 226 publications

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“…This pressure overload stimulus increases cardiomyocyte cell width and left ventricular wall thickning. This CH features are observed in bodybuilders and named as physiological concentric CH 13 . On the other hand, pathological concentric CH is observed in heart subjected to different diseases such as hypertension or aortic stenosis, where there is a continuous pressure overload to the left ventricle.…”

Section: Cardiac Hypertrophymentioning

confidence: 94%

Cardiovascular Adaptations Induced by Resistance Training in Animal Models

Melo¹,

Júnior²,

Baraúna³

et al. 2018

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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In the last 10 years the number of studies showing the benefits of resistance training (RT) to the cardiovascular system, have grown. In comparison to aerobic training, RT-induced favorable adaptations to the cardiovascular system have been ignored for many years, thus the mechanisms of the RT-induced cardiovascular adaptations are still uncovered. The lack of animal models with comparable protocols to the RT performed by humans hampers the knowledge. We have used squat-exercise model, which is widely used by many others laboratories. However, to a lesser extent, other models are also employed to investigate the cardiovascular adaptations. In the subsequent sections we will review the information regarding cardiac morphological adaptations, signaling pathway of the cardiac cell, cardiac function and the vascular adaptation induced by RT using this animal model developed by Tamaki et al. in 1992. Furthermore, we also describe cardiovascular findings observed using other animal models of RT.

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Section: Cardiac Hypertrophymentioning

confidence: 94%

Cardiovascular Adaptations Induced by Resistance Training in Animal Models

Melo¹,

Júnior²,

Baraúna³

et al. 2018

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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“…In skeletal muscle, AET reduces inflammation, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism and improves the balance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation . Moreover, there are data supporting the notion that AET can increase and/or decrease skeletal muscle myomiRs and, in consequence, alter skeletal muscle phenotype in cardiovascular diseases …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…3,5,26,27 Moreover, there are data supporting the notion that AET can increase and/or decrease skeletal muscle myomiRs and, in consequence, alter skeletal muscle phenotype in cardiovascular diseases. [28][29][30][31][32] Previous studies show that inspiratory muscle training (IMT) decreases sympathetic nerve activity and improves muscle blood flow and functional capacity in patients with HFrEF. [33][34][35][36][37][38][39] However, the effects of IMT on skeletal muscle myopathy in patients with HFrEF remain unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aerobic and inspiratory training on skeletal muscle microRNA‐1 and downstream‐associated pathways in patients with heart failure

Antunes‐Correa

Trevizan

Bacurau

et al. 2019

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Background The exercise intolerance in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is mostly attributed to alterations in skeletal muscle. However, the mechanisms underlying the skeletal myopathy in patients with HFrEF are not completely understood. We hypothesized that (i) aerobic exercise training (AET) and inspiratory muscle training (IMT) would change skeletal muscle microRNA‐1 expression and downstream‐associated pathways in patients with HFrEF and (ii) AET and IMT would increase leg blood flow (LBF), functional capacity, and quality of life in these patients. Methods Patients age 35 to 70 years, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40%, New York Heart Association functional classes II–III, were randomized into control, IMT, and AET groups. Skeletal muscle changes were examined by vastus lateralis biopsy. LBF was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography, functional capacity by cardiopulmonary exercise test, and quality of life by Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire. All patients were evaluated at baseline and after 4 months. Results Thirty‐three patients finished the study protocol: control (n = 10; LVEF = 25 ± 1%; six males), IMT (n = 11; LVEF = 31 ± 2%; three males), and AET (n = 12; LVEF = 26 ± 2%; seven males). AET, but not IMT, increased the expression of microRNA‐1 (P = 0.02; percent changes = 53 ± 17%), decreased the expression of PTEN (P = 0.003; percent changes = −15 ± 0.03%), and tended to increase the p‐AKTser473/AKT ratio (P = 0.06). In addition, AET decreased HDAC4 expression (P = 0.03; percent changes = −40 ± 19%) and upregulated follistatin (P = 0.01; percent changes = 174 ± 58%), MEF2C (P = 0.05; percent changes = 34 ± 15%), and MyoD expression (P = 0.05; percent changes = 47 ± 18%). AET also increased muscle cross‐sectional area (P = 0.01). AET and IMT increased LBF, functional capacity, and quality of life. Further analyses showed a significant correlation between percent changes in microRNA‐1 and percent changes in follistatin mRNA (P = 0.001, rho = 0.58) and between percent changes in follistatin mRNA and percent changes in peak VO2 (P = 0.004, rho = 0.51). Conclusions AET upregulates microRNA‐1 levels and decreases the protein expression of PTEN, which reduces the inhibitory action on the PI3K‐AKT pathway that regulates the skeletal muscle tropism. The increased levels of microRNA‐1 also decreased HDAC4 and increased MEF2c, MyoD, and follistatin expression, improving skeletal muscle regeneration. These changes associated with the increase in muscle cross‐sectional area and LBF contribute to the attenuation in skeletal myopathy, and the improvement in functional capacity and quality of life in patients with HFrEF. IMT caused no changes in microRNA‐1 and in the downstream‐associated pathway. The increased functional capacity provoked by IMT seems to be associated with amelioration in the respiratory function instead of changes in skeletal muscle. http://ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT01747395)

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“…The relation between physical activity and DNA methylation has been previously reviewed (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). These reviews provide a narrative synthesis of the association between physical activity and both global and gene-specific measures of DNA methylation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity, Global DNA Methylation, and Breast Cancer Risk: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis

Boyne

O’Sullivan

Olij

et al. 2018

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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The extent to which physical activity reduces breast cancer risk through changes in global DNA methylation is unknown. We systematically identified studies that investigated the association between: (i) physical activity and global DNA methylation; or (ii) global DNA methylation and breast cancer risk. Associations were quantified using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was investigated through subgroup analyses and the -test and statistics. Twenty-four studies were reviewed. We observed a trend between higher levels of physical activity and higher levels of global DNA methylation [pooled standardized mean difference = 0.19; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.03-0.40; = 0.09] which, in turn, had a suggestive association with a reduced breast cancer risk (pooled relative risk = 0.70; 95% CI, 0.49-1.02; = 0.06). In subgroup analyses, a positive association between physical activity and global DNA methylation was observed among studies assessing physical activity over long periods of time ( = 0.02). Similarly, the association between global DNA methylation and breast cancer was statistically significant for prospective cohort studies ( = 0.007). Despite the heterogeneous evidence base, the literature suggests that physical activity reduces the risk of breast cancer through increased global DNA methylation. This study is the first to systematically overview the complete biologic pathway between physical activity, global DNA methylation, and breast cancer.

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Exercise Training and Epigenetic Regulation: Multilevel Modification and Regulation of Gene Expression

Cited by 31 publications

References 226 publications

Cardiovascular Adaptations Induced by Resistance Training in Animal Models

Cardiovascular Adaptations Induced by Resistance Training in Animal Models

Effects of aerobic and inspiratory training on skeletal muscle microRNA‐1 and downstream‐associated pathways in patients with heart failure

Physical Activity, Global DNA Methylation, and Breast Cancer Risk: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis

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