Exercise training, but not resveratrol, improves metabolic and inflammatory status in skeletal muscle of aged men

Abstract

Key pointsr Ageing is associated with lifestyle-related metabolic diseases, and exercise training has been suggested to counteract such metabolic deteriorations.r The natural antioxidant resveratrol has been reported to exert 'exercise-like' health beneficial metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects in rodents, but little is known about the metabolic effects of resveratrol supplementation alone and in combination with exercise training in humans.r The present findings showed that exercise training markedly improved muscle endurance, increased content and activity of oxidative proteins in skeletal muscle and reduced markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in skeletal muscle of aged men.r Resveratrol alone did not elicit metabolic effects in healthy aged subjects, but even impaired the exercise training-induced improvements in markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in skeletal muscle. AbstractThe aim was to investigate the metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol alone and when combined with exercise training in skeletal muscle of aged human subjects. Healthy, physically inactive men (60-72 years old) were randomized to either 8 weeks of daily intake of 250 mg resveratrol or placebo or to 8 weeks of high-intensity exercise training with 250 mg resveratrol or placebo. Before and after the interventions, resting blood samples and muscle biopsies were obtained and a one-legged knee-extensor endurance exercise test was performed. Exercise training increased skeletal muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α mRNA ß1.5-fold, cytochrome c protein ß1.3-fold, cytochrome c oxidase I protein ß1.5-fold, citrate synthase activity ß1.3-fold, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity ß1.3-fold, inhibitor of κB-α and inhibitor of κB-β protein content ß1.3-fold and time to exhaustion in the one-legged knee-extensor endurance exercise test by ß1.2-fold, with no significant additive or adverse effects of resveratrol on these parameters. Despite an overall ß25% reduction in total acetylation level in skeletal muscle with resveratrol, no exclusive resveratrol-mediated metabolic effects were observed on the investigated parameters. Notably, however, resveratrol blunted an exercise training-induced decrease (ß20%) in protein carbonylation and decrease (ß40%) in tumour necrosis factor α mRNA content in skeletal muscle. In conclusion, resveratrol did not elicit metabolic improvements in healthy aged subjects; in fact, resveratrol even impaired the observed exercise training-induced improvements in markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in skeletal muscle. Collectively, this highlights the metabolic efficacy of exercise training in aged subjects and does not support the contention that resveratrol is a potential exercise mimetic in healthy aged subjects.

New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance

“…(2014) recently showed that resveratrol supplementation also blunted training-induced decreases in protein carbonylation and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) mRNA within older individuals' skeletal muscle [178]. Thus, there are clear discrepancies between cell, rodent and human studies investigating resveratrol supplementation and it is currently unclear as to why resveratrol supplementation may display a negative effect on whole body/skeletal muscle adaptation when combined with endurance-exercise training in healthy individuals.…”

Aerobic Exercise Training and Inducible Inflammation: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy, Young Adults

“…By comparison, for example, of 855 enrolled participants in the HERITAGE study,8 652 had complete data; that is, the rate of missing data was 23.7%. Reports of other trials, many of them smaller, also report equivalent or higher rates of missing data68, 69, 70 or fail to report them at all 18, 71, 72, 73, 74. These studies suggest that the rate of missing data in our trial was typical for exercise training trials.…”

The effects of resveratrol on aging vessels

“…Recent studies in humans, by contrast, suggest that in aged, but healthy individuals RV blunts the positive cardiovascular effects of physical exercise (Gliemann et al, 2014(Gliemann et al, , 2013Olesen et al, 2014b). When submitted to eight weeks of high intensity training and a daily intake of either 250 mg of RV or placebo, the subjects that received RV showed no increase in the capillary-to-fiber ratio or the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor in the vastus lateralis.…”

“…On the other hand, enough evidence has been gathered to suggest that compromised populations such as the elderly do benefit from treatment with RV (Smoliga et al, 2013). Even though a recent series of publications in aged humans (Gliemann et al, 2014(Gliemann et al, , 2013Olesen et al, 2014b) reveals no benefit from RV supplementation in a broad range of cardiovascular and metabolic parameters, further research needs to be conducted to definitely validate the claims both in favor and against RV.…”