Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) results from damage to or dysfunction of the peripheral nerves. The development of CIPN is anticipated for the majority of breast cancer patients who receive neurotoxic chemotherapy, depending on the agent used, dose, and schedule. Sensory symptoms often predominate and include numbness, tingling, and distal extremity pain. Weakness, gait impairment, loss of functional abilities, and other deficits may develop with more severe CIPN. This article outlines a prospective surveillance model for physical rehabilitation of women with breast cancer who develop CIPN. Rehabilitative efforts for CIPN start at the time of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. The prechemotherapy evaluation identifies patients with preexisting peripheral nervous system disorders that may place them at higher risk for the development of CIPN. This clinical evaluation should include a history focusing on symptoms and functional activities as well as a physical examination that objectively assesses the patient's strength, sensation, reflexes, and gait. Ongoing surveillance following the initiation of a neurotoxic agent is important to monitor for the development and progression of symptoms associated with CIPN, and to ensure its resolution over the long term. CIPN is managed best by a multidisciplinary team approach. Early identification of symptoms will ensure appropriate referral and timely symptom management. The prospective surveillance model promotes a patient-centered approach to care, from pretreatment through survivorship and palliative care. In this way, the model offers promise in addressing and minimizing both the acute and longterm morbidity associated with CIPN. Cancer 2012;118(8 suppl):2250-60. V C 2012 American Cancer Society.KEYWORDS: cancer, rehabilitation, survivorship, neuropathy, chemotherapy, radiculopathy, brachial plexopathy, breast cancer, surveillance, pain, palliative care.There are an estimated 2.8 million breast cancer survivors in the United States, representing by far the largest proportion (44%) of female cancer survivors. 1 With 41% of new cases diagnosed in women aged 65 and older, and overall 5-year survival rates nearing 90%, (98% for localized tumors), the number of breast cancer survivors is expected to increase dramatically in future years. 1 Although the high rate of women surviving for years beyond their breast cancer is encouraging, it also means that more of them are living with the chronic and late effects of cancer treatment or with advanced disease. This article outlines a prospective surveillance model for physical rehabilitation of women with breast cancer who develop chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). To adopt this model, it is imperative that clinicians understand the importance of identifying patients with preexisting peripheral nervous system (PNS) disorders that may place them at higher risk for the development of CIPN when challenged with neurotoxic chemotherapy and the other disorders that mimic CIPN.CIPN results fr...