Exercise training effects on skeletal muscle plasticity and IGF-1 receptors in frail elders

Urso, Maria L.; Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone; Ding, Wenjiang; Evans, William J.; Cosmas, Arthur C.; Manfredi, Thomas G.

doi:10.1007/s11357-005-1629-7

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The reason for the dampened response is likely attributable to endocrine or neuromuscular impairments [230]. In comparison to younger adults, untrained older adults show an attenuated hormonal response to exercise [239] and downregulation of the skeletal muscle IGF-1 system [240], which may impair hypertrophic capacity. However, resistance training has shown to counteract these changes by enhancing the hormonal response to resistance exercise (i.e., decreased resting cortisol and increase circulating testosterone) [239] and reversing the age-related downregulation of the skeletal muscle IGF-1 system [240], which may promote anabolic potential.…”

Section: Exercise and Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle Quality in Aging: a Multi-Dimensional Approach to Muscle Functioning with Applications for Treatment

2015

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Aging is often accompanied by declines in physical functioning which impedes older adults' quality of life, sense of independence, and ability to perform daily tasks. Age-related decreases in skeletal muscle quantity, termed sarcopenia, have traditionally been blamed for these physical decrements. However, recent evidence suggests that the quality of muscle tissue may be more functionally relevant than its quantity. 'Muscle quality' has been emerging as a means to elucidate and describe the intricate intramuscular changes associated with muscle performance in the context of aging and sarcopenia. While muscle quality has most commonly been defined in terms of muscle composition or relative strength, at the core, muscle quality really describes muscle's ability to function. Skeletal muscle displays a strong structure-function relationship by which several architectural characteristics factor into its functional capacity. This review describes the structural, physiological, and functional determinants of muscle quality at the tissue and cellular level, while also introducing other novel parameters such as sarcomere spacing and integrity, circulating biomarkers, and the muscle quality index. Muscle qualitative features are described from the perspective of how physical exercise may improve muscle quality in older adults. This broad, multidimensional perspective of muscle quality in the context of aging and sarcopenia offers comprehensive insights for consideration and integration in developing improved prognostic tools for research and clinical care, while also promoting translational approaches to the design of novel targeted intervention strategies designed to maintain function and mobility into late life.

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Section: Exercise and Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle Quality in Aging: a Multi-Dimensional Approach to Muscle Functioning with Applications for Treatment

2015

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“…Yet, the aging skeletal muscle is functionally plastic. Whereas certain gene polymorphisms have been implicated to maintain muscle function with age (166), physical activity has been shown to improve muscle and mitochondrial function among older adults (167–170). An important component of physical activity-induced improvement of function of the aging muscle is the equally plastic satellite cells that maintain muscle organization (171, 172).…”

Section: Age-dependent Accumulation Of Cd28null Nk-like T Cells With mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionally Diverse NK-Like T Cells Are Effectors and Predictors of Successful Aging

2016

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The fundamental challenge of aging and long-term survivorship is maintenance of functional independence and compression of morbidity despite a life history of disease. Inasmuch as immunity is a determinant of individual health and fitness, unraveling novel mechanisms of immune homeostasis in late life is of paramount interest. Comparative studies of young and old persons have documented age-related atrophy of the thymus, the contraction of diversity of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, and the intrinsic inefficiency of classical TCR signaling in aged T cells. However, the elderly have highly heterogeneous health phenotypes. Studies of defined populations of persons aged 75 and older have led to the recognition of successful aging, a distinct physiologic construct characterized by high physical and cognitive functioning without measurable disability. Significantly, successful agers have a unique T cell repertoire; namely, the dominance of highly oligoclonal αβT cells expressing a diverse array of receptors normally expressed by NK cells. Despite their properties of cell senescence, these unusual NK-like T cells are functionally active effectors that do not require engagement of their clonotypic TCR. Thus, NK-like T cells represent a beneficial remodeling of the immune repertoire with advancing age, consistent with the concept of immune plasticity. Significantly, certain subsets are predictors of physical/cognitive performance among older adults. Further understanding of the roles of these NK-like T cells to host defense, and how they integrate with other physiologic domains of function are new frontiers for investigation in Aging Biology. Such pursuits will require a research paradigm shift from the usual young-versus-old comparison to the analysis of defined elderly populations. These endeavors may also pave way to age-appropriate, group-targeted immune interventions for the growing elderly population.

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“…The authors remarked that the labelling patterns suggested enhanced receptor density around the Z bands, sarcolemma and mitochondrial and nuclear membranes. Furthermore, these findings suggest that the age-related down-regulation of the skeletal muscle IGF-I system may be reversed to some extent with progressive resistance training and that skeletal muscle tissue plasticity in the frail elderly is maintained at least to some extent, as exemplified by the enhancement of IGF-I receptor density and markers of tissue regeneration [76].…”

Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Sarcopaenia, the age-related loss of muscle, inhibits mobility, increasing the risk for developing many diseases including diabetes, arthritis, heart disease and, what it is important in the context of this review, osteoporosis [76]. It increases the risk of weakness, functional decline, impaired gait, falls, infections, glucose intolerance and osteoporotic fractures.…”

Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the IGF-I receptor plays a dominant role in muscle IGF-I signalling, the authors speculated that this increase in IGF-I receptor numbers together with markers of muscle damage and regeneration may expand existing knowledge regarding the IGF-I response to exercise stress in older adults. Later, Urso et al [76] assessed the impact of 10 weeks of resistance training on markers of skeletal muscle plasticity and IGF-I receptor density in a sub-sample of subjects who in an earlier study had demonstrated enhanced immunohistochemical labelling of IGF after resistance training. The experimental subjects showed a 161±93.7% increase in Z band damage after resistance training.…”

Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Osteoporosis, falls and exercise

Meléndez-Ortega

2007

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

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Osteoporosis, a manifestation of bone atrophy that leads to great susceptibility to fractures, is a very important public health problem today because of its great morbidity, mortality and important economic repercussions. It is a problem that will tend to become more serious with the increase in the number of elderly persons. Bone mass is gained during adolescence, reaches a plateau during the third decade and remains stable until approximately age 50, after which a progressively gradual loss is observed. There is no real cure for osteoporosis, but a series of strategies can be used to reduce bone loss and improve bone mass. Osteoporosis has been considered a disease that accompanies the process of ageing; however, this fatalistic attitude should be discarded, as it is possible to correct and decrease the risk factors. Intervention strategies are based on three pillars: nutrition, physical activity and pharmacological agents. Physical activities and exercise programmes are important because they not only can counter the loss of bone mass but also improve neuromuscular capacity, maintaining and increasing strength and muscle mass, which can help to avoid falls and reduce their impact and consequences. The general principles that apply to any exercise programme also apply to preventing bone mass loss. They also can be applied to persons with osteoporosis. However, to understand the peculiarities of these programmes, the propensity for suffering fractures of these former groups should be kept in mind. Special care should be taken to avoid falls and injuries. Weight-bearing exercise and resistance training are recommended for the prevention programmes. Other activities such as tai-chi, dancing, gymnastic or callisthenic exercises can help to improve balance, gait and muscle coordination and diminish the risk of falling. These programmes should be complemented with postural education and a series of safety precautions.

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Exercise training effects on skeletal muscle plasticity and IGF-1 receptors in frail elders

Cited by 28 publications

References 44 publications

Muscle Quality in Aging: a Multi-Dimensional Approach to Muscle Functioning with Applications for Treatment

Muscle Quality in Aging: a Multi-Dimensional Approach to Muscle Functioning with Applications for Treatment

Functionally Diverse NK-Like T Cells Are Effectors and Predictors of Successful Aging

Osteoporosis, falls and exercise

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