Exercise training normalizes vascular dysfunction and improves central adiposity in obese adolescents

Watts, Katie; Beye, Petra; Siafarikas, Aris; Davis, Elizabeth A.; Jones, Timothy W.; O’Driscoll, Gerry; Green, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.01.032

Cited by 289 publications

(358 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…[58][59][60] In our short-term study, we did not hypothesize that fat-free mass would improve significantly or underlie the changes in fat mass or associated metabolic benefits, but in longer term progressive resistance training interventions in children it would be important to measure all body composition adaptations (muscle, bone, fat) to ascertain the relationships between adaptations in these body tissues during maturation. Future studies should include direct measures of visceral fat 61 itself as well as adipokine levels, and energy intake and expenditure, to provide further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the metabolic benefits associated with visceral fat reduction during exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of high-intensity progressive resistance training on adiposity in children: a randomized controlled trial

2008

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Background: High-intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) improves adiposity and metabolic risk in adults, but has not been investigated in children within a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Objective: We hypothesized that high-intensity PRT (8 weeks, twice a week) would decrease central adiposity in children, as assessed via waist circumference. Methods Design/Setting/Participants: Concealed randomization stratified by age and gender was used to allocate rural New Zealand school students to the wait-list control or PRT group. Intervention: Participants were prescribed two sets (eight repetitions per set) of 11 exercises targeting all the major muscle groups at high intensity. Primary Outcome: Waist circumference; secondary outcomes included whole body fat, muscular fitness (one repetition maximum), cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen consumption during a treadmill test), lipids, insulin sensitivity and fasting glucose. Results: Of the 78 children (32 girls and 46 boys; mean age 12.2(1.3) years), 51% were either overweight (33%) or obese (18%). High-intensity PRT significantly improved waist circumference (mean change PRT À0.8 (2.2) cm vs þ 0.5 (1.7) cm control; F ¼ 7.59, P ¼ 0.008), fat mass (mean change PRT þ 0.2 (1.4) kg vs þ 1.0 (1.2) kg control; F ¼ 6.00, P ¼ 0.017), percent body fat (mean change PRT -0.3 (1.8)% vs þ 1.2 (2.1)% control; F ¼ 9.04, P ¼ 0.004), body mass index (mean change PRT À0.01 (0.8) kg m À2 vs þ 0.4 (0.7) kg m À2 control; F ¼ 6.02, P ¼ 0.017), upper body strength (mean change PRT þ 11.6(6.1) kg vs þ 2.9(3.7) kg control; F ¼ 48.6, Po0.001) and lower body strength (mean change PRT þ 42.9(26.6) kg vs þ 28.5(26.6) kg control; F ¼ 4.72, P ¼ 0.034) compared to the control group. Waist circumference decreased the most in those with the greatest baseline relative strength (r ¼ À0.257, P ¼ 0.036), and greatest relative (r ¼ À0.400, P ¼ 0.001) and absolute (r ¼ 0.340, P ¼ 0.006) strength gains during the intervention. Conclusion: Isolated high-intensity PRT significantly improves central and whole body adiposity in association with muscle strength in normal-weight and overweight children. The clinical relevance and sustainability of these changes in adiposity should be addressed in future long-term studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of high-intensity progressive resistance training on adiposity in children: a randomized controlled trial

2008

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“…Each exercise session was supervised by a well-trained researcher and consisted of a 5-minute warming-up, followed by a circuit of resistance exercises (leg press, calf raise, leg curl, leg extension, lower back, abdominal crunch, 3 series of 12 repetitions each, with 1 minute of rest between sets within each exercise) interspersed with aerobic activities (e.g. cycling, running) (Maiorana et al 2002;Watts et al 2004). The total protocol was as follows: 5 minutes warmingup (cycling), 5 minutes of cycling, leg curl, leg extension, 5 minutes of running, lower back, abdominal crunch, 5 minutes of cycling, leg press, calf raise, 5 minutes of running.…”

Section: Experimental Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined aerobic and resistance exercise training decreases peripheral but not central artery wall thickness in subjects with type 2 diabetes

et al. 2014

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Objective Little is known about the impact of exercise training on conduit artery wall thickness in type 2 diabetes. We examined the local and systemic impact of exercise training on superficial femoral (SFA), brachial (BA), and carotid artery (CA) wall thickness in type 2 diabetes patients and controls.Methods Twenty patients with type 2 diabetes and 10 age-and sex-matched controls performed an 8-week training study involving lower-limb based combined aerobic and resistance exercise training. We examined the SFA to study the local effect of exercise, and also the systemic impact of lower-limb based exercise training on peripheral (i.e. BA) and central (i.e. CA) arteries. Wall thickness (WT), diameter and wall:lumen(W:L)-ratios were examined using automated edgedetection of ultrasound images.Results Exercise training did not alter SFA or CA diameter in type 2 diabetes or controls (all P>0.05). BA diameter was increased after training in type 2 diabetes, but not in controls.Exercise training decreased WT and W:L-ratio in the SFA and BA, but not in CA in type 2 diabetes. Training did not alter WT or W:L-ratio in controls (P>0.05).Conclusion Lower-limb dominant exercise training causes remodelling of peripheral arteries, supplying active and inactive vascular beds, but not central arteries in type 2 diabetes.

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“…Subsequently, there is a growing concern that CVD and diabetes risks, the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the developed world, may emerge, along with infectious diseases, as significant health concerns in HIV + individuals in sub-Saharan countries. 15 Cardiorespiratory exercise training (CET) is an established, cost-effective, and efficacious lifestyle modification that improves insulin sensitivity 16 and dyslipidemia 17 and reduces central adiposity or trunk fat, 18 leading to an improved cardiovascular and diabetic risk profile in HIV + individuals from Western countries. 19 Consequently, regular CET has been recommended in the guidelines for management of HIV-related dyslipidemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Training Reduces Central Adiposity and Improves Metabolic Indices in HAART-Treated HIV-Positive Subjects in Rwanda: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Mutimura

Crowther

Cade

et al. 2008

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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As HAART becomes more accessible in sub-Saharan Africa, metabolic syndromes, body fat redistribution (BFR), and cardiovascular disease may become more prevalent. We conducted a 6-month, randomized controlled trial to test whether cardiorespiratory exercise training (CET), improves metabolic, body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness parameters in HAARTtreated HIV + African subjects with BFR. Six months of CET reduced waist circumference (−7.13 ± 4.4 cm, p < 0.0001), WHR (−0.10 ± 0.1, p < 0.0001), sum skinfold thickness (−6.15 ± 8.2 mm, p < 0.0001) and % body fat mass (−1.5 ± 3.3, p < 0.0001) in HIV + BFR + EXS. Hip circumference was unchanged in non-exercise control groups. CET reduced fasting total cholesterol (−0.03 ± 1.11 mM, p < 0.05), triglycerides (−0.22 ± 0.48 mM, p < 0.05) and glucose levels (−0.21 ± 0.71 mM, p < 0.05) (p < 0.0001). HDL-, LDL-cholesterol and HOMA values were unchanged after CET. Interestingly, HIV + subjects randomized to non-exercising groups experienced increases in fasting plasma glucose levels, whereas HIV seronegative controls did not (p < 0.001). Predicted VO 2 peak increased more in the HIV + BFR + EXS than in all other groups (4.7 ± 3.9 ml/kg/min, p < 0.0001). Exercise training positively modulated body composition and metabolic profiles, and improved cardiorespiratory fitness in HAART-treated HIV + Africans. These beneficial adaptations imply that exercise training is a safe, inexpensive, practical, and effective treatment for evolving metabolic and cardiovascular syndromes associated with HIV and HAART exposure in resource-limited sub-Saharan countries, where treatment is improving, morbidity and mortality rates are declining, but where minimal resources are available to manage HIV-and HAARTassociated cardiovascular and metabolic syndromes.

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Exercise training normalizes vascular dysfunction and improves central adiposity in obese adolescents

Cited by 289 publications

References 19 publications

The effect of high-intensity progressive resistance training on adiposity in children: a randomized controlled trial

The effect of high-intensity progressive resistance training on adiposity in children: a randomized controlled trial

Combined aerobic and resistance exercise training decreases peripheral but not central artery wall thickness in subjects with type 2 diabetes

Exercise Training Reduces Central Adiposity and Improves Metabolic Indices in HAART-Treated HIV-Positive Subjects in Rwanda: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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