Exercise training, vascular function, and functional capacity in middle-aged subjects

Maiorana, Andrew; O’Driscoll, Gerry; Dembo, L.; Goodman, Carmél; Taylor, Roger R.; Green, Daniel

doi:10.1097/00005768-200112000-00008

Cited by 91 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The consistence of previously published data 17,25 , shown above, indicate that exercise training improves endothelial function in heterogeneous groups, including groups where patients presented this dysfunction due to injury, corroborating with the results of our study and contrasting with studies of exercise training in subjects with normal endothelial function. One cannot forget to highlight that the improvement in vascular function is evident in every vasculature, even if exercise is only practiced in the inferior limbs, excluding the remaining of the body.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Effect of High-Intensity Exercise on Endothelial Function in Patients With T2dm

Silva

Vasconcelos-Filho

Serafim³

et al. 2016

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease worldwide. Endothelial dysfunction characteristic of these patients is one of the major risk factors for atherosclerosis. Early diagnosis of endothelial dysfunction is essential for the treatment especially of non-invasive manner, such as flow mediated dilation. Physical exercise is capable of generating beneficial adaptations may improve endothelial function. Objective: Identify the effect of physical exercise, using the clinical technique of ultrasound in the assessment of the endothelial function of patients with metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Thirty-one patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome were studied, with a mean age (± SD) of 58±6 years, randomized into three groups. The training was performed for 50 minutes, four times a week. Before and after six weeks of training, subjects performed the endurance test and a study of the endothelial function of the brachial artery by high-resolution ultrasound. Results: After hyperemia, the percentage of arterial diameter was significantly higher for the high-intensity group (HI before = 2.52±2.85mm and after = 31.81±12.21mm; LI before = 3.23±3.52mm and after = 20.61±7.76mm; controls before = 3.56±2.33mm and after = 2.43±2.14mm; p<0.05). Conclusions: The high-intensity aerobic training improved the vasodilatation response-dependent endothelium, recorded by ultrasound, in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The size of the sample was calculated with base in previous studies [15][16][17] . The data were initially evaluated for the test of Kolmogorov--Smirnova to establish the normality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of High-Intensity Exercise on Endothelial Function in Patients With T2dm

Silva

Vasconcelos-Filho

Serafim³

et al. 2016

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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“…Several investigators reported the following effects of physical training on the vascular function. In middle-aged subjects, 8-week moderate intensity circuit training did not alter the endothelium-dependent or -independent vascular function while muscle strength was increased significantly (Maiorana et al 2001). In patients receiving hemodialysis, 4 -6 week handgrip exercise training had no effect on endothelium-dependent flow or peak reactive flow in response to 5-min arterial occlusion, but both were increased in control subjects (Bank et al 1998).…”

Section: Vascular Functionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Does Handgrip Exercise Training Increase Forearm Ischemic Vasodilator Responses in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis?

Kuge

Suzuki²,

Isoyama

2005

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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In patients receiving hemodialysis, exercise capacity is extremely limited. Although vasodilation is one of the key phenomena for blood perfusion into working skeletal muscles during exercise, it is not clear whether the vasodilator capacity is increased after physical training in this population. We attempted to clarify whether handgrip exercise training increases forearm vasodilator responses to arterial occlusion, and to determine the relationship between muscle contraction function and the vasodilator responses in patients receiving hemodialysis. Eight patients and 7 age-matched healthy controls were tested. The patients participated in handgrip training four times a week for 6 weeks. Before and after the training the maximum muscle strength and endurance were measured with a handgrip dynamometer, and the forearm vasodilator responses to 3-minute arterial occlusion were measured by the near infrared spectroscopy technique. Maximum strength and endurance were significantly lower in the patients than in the controls. Maximum strength (from 183 ± 84 to 228 ± 92 Newtons, p < 0.05) and endurance (from 19 ± 6 to 31 ± 8 sec, p < 0.05) were both increased after the training in the patients. Vasodilator responses estimated by the ratio of the maximum value of oxyhemoglobin after relief of arterial occlusion to its minimum value before the relief were significantly smaller in the patients compared with those in the controls (132 ± 20 vs 161 ± 27%, p < 0.05). In contrast to the findings in muscle function, the decreased vasodilator responses were not improved after the training (141 ± 17%). Additionally, no improvement in the vasodilator responses was observed in the parameters estimated by oxygen saturation. These data suggest that exercise capacity increased by physical training is produced by the functional improvement of skeletal muscles per se, but not by alterations in blood perfusion for oxygenation of the muscles in patients receiving hemodialysis. renal disease; physical training; skeletal muscle; reactive hyperemia near infrared spectroscopy

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“…A lesão do endotélio vascular prejudica a vasodilatação do vaso, e esta lesão pode ser associada com fatores de riscos para doenças vasculares, como na obstrução coronariana, lesão cardíaca crônica, e diabetes tipo 2 (MAIORANA et al, 2001).…”

Section: Formação E Vias De Produção Do óXido Nítricounclassified

“…Isso ocorreu após terem realizado treinamento de circuito de resistência em aparelhos de musculação com 7 exercícios gerais para membros inferiores, tronco, e membro superiores, todos em moderada intensidade, 3 vezes por semana durante 8 semanas (MAIORANA et al, 2001). Neste trabalho, ficou caracterizado que, exercícios isolados não apresentam melhoras significativas nas respostas cardiovasculares ao treinamento físico.…”

Section: Alterações Na Disponibilidade Do óXido Nítrico Após Treinameunclassified

Alteração do óxido nítrico na função cardiovascular pelo treinamento físico

Brandão

Martins‐Pinge

2007

Semin. Cienc. Biol. Saude

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ResumoDentre os mecanismos de controle da pressão arterial, o controle humoral realizado pelo óxido nítrico (NO) tem despertado grande interesse científico. Os efeitos cardiovasculares observados após o treinamento físico estão associados ao aumento da estrutura vascular, bradicardia de repouso e um efeito hipotensor após esforço. O NO, sintetizado em células endoteliais a partir do aminoácido Larginina com a ação da enzima óxido nítrico sintase (NOS), é considerado um potente vasodilatador. O NO possui três isoformas enzimáticas: a enzima nNOS atua nas células nervosas e a eNOS em células endoteliais (ambas cálcio dependentes) e a iNOS, é ativada por estímulos imunológicos e independente do íon cálcio. No sistema nervoso central (SNC), o NO possui importante papel no controle da pressão sanguínea via sistema nervoso simpático, pois inibe sua atividade e diminui seu tônus sobre os vasos. Além disso, o NO exerce influência na região ventrolateral rostral medular (RVLM), importante na modulação da função cardiovascular. Estudos que relacionam o treinamento físico e NO verificaram significativo aumento na vasodilatação após treinamento físico em populações especiais como: hipertensos, obesos, diabéticos e cardiopatas, quando comparadas com indivíduos normais. Nesse sentido, parece haver uma modulação do treinamento físico sobre a participação do NO no controle da PA, tanto em nível periférico como central. Novos estudos se fazem ainda necessários para melhor elucidar este fenômeno. Palavras-chave: Óxido nítrico. Vasodilatação. Treinamento físico. Pressão arterial. AbstractAmong the mechanisms of arterial pressure control, the humoral one carried out by the nitric oxide (NO) has aroused great scientific interest. The cardiovascular effects observed after the physical training are associated to an increase in the vascular structure, resting bradycardia and a post effort hypotension effect. The NO that is synthesized in endothelial cells from the L-arginine amino acid with the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) action is considered a powerful vaso-dilator. The NO has three enzymatic isoforms: the nNOS enzyme is present in the nervous cells, and the eNOS in the endothelial cells, both calciumdependent. On the other hand, the iNOS which is activated by immunological stimuli, is calciumindependent. In the central nervous system (CNS), the NO exerts an important role in the blood pressure control through sympathetic nervous system, inhibiting its activity and decreasing the vascular tonus. Moreover, the NO exerts an influence on the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), which is important in the modulation of the cardiovascular function. Studies that relate physical training and NO, noticed a significant increase in vasodilation after physical training in special population such as: hypertensives, obese, diabetic and cardiopath people, when compared with healthy individuals. In this sense, there seems to be a modulation of the physical training on the NO participation in the PA control, not only in the peripherical but also in t...

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Exercise training, vascular function, and functional capacity in middle-aged subjects

Cited by 91 publications

References 29 publications

Effect of High-Intensity Exercise on Endothelial Function in Patients With T2dm

Effect of High-Intensity Exercise on Endothelial Function in Patients With T2dm

Does Handgrip Exercise Training Increase Forearm Ischemic Vasodilator Responses in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis?

Alteração do óxido nítrico na função cardiovascular pelo treinamento físico

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