Exercising for Health and Longevity vs Peak Performance: Different Regimens for Different Goals

O’Keefe, James H.; Franklin, Barry A.; Lavie, Carl J.

doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.07.007

Cited by 53 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…61 These and other recent data suggest that when applied to vigorous ET, more moderate amounts of ET may provide added benefits at reduced risk (<5 hours of ET per week). 62,63 These physiologic findings appear to be supported by a cohort study of ~13,000 men and women conducted by Blair et al In it, the authors noted a plateau in benefits above 9-10 metabolic equivalents above which adjusted all-cause mortality no longer improved. 64 Similarly, increases above levels of moderate ET frequency in women were not associated with reductions in the risk of vascular diseases in a prospective study of women in the United Kingdom.…”

Section: Role Of Exercise Intensitymentioning

confidence: 65%

Impact of cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training programs in coronary heart disease

Kachur

Chongthammakun

Lavie

et al. 2017

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases

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129

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Section: Role Of Exercise Intensitymentioning

confidence: 65%

Impact of cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training programs in coronary heart disease

Kachur

Chongthammakun

Lavie

et al. 2017

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases

Self Cite

129

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“…30 Collectively, these observational associations suggest that the primary beneficiaries of regular exercise may be those at the bottom of the fitness/activity continuum, that is, subjects who are in the least fit (<5 METs) and least active cohort, and our patients need not become endurance athletes or, for that matter, marathon runners to achieve the potential survival benefits of exercise. 31 Relative to the all-cause mortality reduction associated with exercise, intensity and duration appear to be inversely related. The mortality reduction associated with a 5-minute run approximates a 15-minute walk and a 25-minute run is comparable with a 105-minute walk.…”

Section: Implications For the Clinicianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Walking Speed and Distance as Harbingers of the Approaching Grim Reaper

Franklin

Brinks

Sacks

et al. 2015

The American Journal of Cardiology

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“…These results have been severely questioned. 2 However, shortly after they were published, Kettunen and coworkers performed a hazard ratio analysis of cause-specific deaths in former Finnish male endurance, team, and power sports athletes (n=2363) and healthy control subjects (n=1657). 4 The hazard ratio for ischemic heart disease (0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.54-0.86) and stroke mortality was lower in endurance athletes compared with control subjects (0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.83).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Letter by Sanchis-Gomar et al Regarding Article, “Cardiac Remodeling in Response to 1 Year of Intensive Endurance Training”

2015

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1 sedentary people trained intensively for 12 months so that they could compete in a marathon. The left ventricle showed concentric remodeling during the first 6 to 9 months of training and thereafter dilated and restored the baseline mass-to-volume ratio. However, the right ventricle responded with a balanced remodeling, that is, eccentric hypertrophy, throughout the program, thereby maintaining a constant mass-to-volume ratio.1 Thus, contrary to conventional thinking, endurance exercise is not a primary cardiac "volume-overload" stimulus.1 This study is timely because high-intensity endurance exercise (eg, to compete in marathons or ultramarathons) is a matter of growing debate among cardiologists. Concerns about the potential association between such types of exercise and a higher risk of cardiac alterations (especially atrial fibrillation [AF] but also ventricular arrhythmias and ischemic damage) remain in the spotlight.2 Furthermore, the term cardiac overuse injury has been suggested recently to group all the possible cardiac consequences of repeated exposure to strenuous endurance exercise or "overexercise." 2 If lifelong overexercise were responsible for clinically relevant effects, one would expect this to affect the cardiovascular diseaserelated mortality in elite endurance athletes. However, epidemiological evidence does not support such a hypothesis. In a recent meta-analysis, we compared the standard mortality rate in former top-level athletes (n=42 807 individuals [707 women] of mixed sports disciplines, including Olympic-class marathoners or Tour de France finishers) with that of the general population.3 The standard mortality ratio for cardiovascular disease in athletes was 0.73 (95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.82; P<0.001). These results have been severely questioned.2 However, shortly after they were published, Kettunen and coworkers performed a hazard ratio analysis of cause-specific deaths in former Finnish male endurance, team, and power sports athletes (n=2363) and healthy control subjects (n=1657). 4 The hazard ratio for ischemic heart disease (0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.54-0.86) and stroke mortality was lower in endurance athletes compared with control subjects (0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.33-0.83). This is also in line with epidemiological data in >50 000 Swedes who completed a 90-km cross-country ski race and had a 57% lower rate of cardiovascular disease. 5 We are aware of the potential risk of AF among endurance athletes (at a younger age, as a competitive endurance cyclist, one of the authors experienced AF requiring surgical treatment). However, whether AF that is medically well controlled negatively affects survival rates and quality of life in former athletes remains to be shown, and more mechanistic research is needed. It also has to be determined whether AF in endurance athletes reflects actual structural remodeling or simply low heart rates (as in larger mammals). In addition, a causeeffect relationship between endurance training and cardiac alterations other than AF ...

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Exercising for Health and Longevity vs Peak Performance: Different Regimens for Different Goals

Cited by 53 publications

References 26 publications

Impact of cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training programs in coronary heart disease

Impact of cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training programs in coronary heart disease

Reduced Walking Speed and Distance as Harbingers of the Approaching Grim Reaper

Letter by Sanchis-Gomar et al Regarding Article, “Cardiac Remodeling in Response to 1 Year of Intensive Endurance Training”

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