Exercising in the COVID-19 era: implications in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

O’Gorman, Philip; Norris, Suzanne

doi:10.1136/bmjgast-2020-000568

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…More recently, NAFLD has emerged as a key risk factor for severe COVID-19. The chronic inflammation driven by oxidative stress associated with NAFLD attenuates the immune response to viral infections, resulting in higher viral loads and more rapid disease progression [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Effects of Dietary versus Exercise Intervention on Intrahepatic MAIT Cells and Histological Features of NAFLD

Naimimohasses

O’Gorman

Wright³

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Background: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells promote inflammation in obesity and are implicated in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, as the intrahepatic MAIT cell response to lifestyle intervention in NAFLD has not been investigated, this work aimed to examine circulating and intrahepatic MAIT cell populations in patients with NAFLD, after either 12 weeks of dietary intervention (DI) or aerobic exercise intervention (EI). Methods: Multicolour flow cytometry was used to immunophenotype circulating and intrahepatic MAIT cells and measure MAIT cell expression (median fluorescence intensity, MFI) of the activation marker CD69 and apoptotic marker CD95. Liver histology, clinical parameters, and MAIT cell populations were assessed at baseline (T0) and following completion (T1) of DI or EI. Results: Forty-five patients completed the study. DI participants showed decreased median (interquartile range) expression of the activation marker CD69 on circulating MAIT cells (T0: 104 (134) versus T1 27 (114) MFI; p = 0.0353) and improvements in histological steatosis grade post-intervention. EI participants showed increased expression of the apoptotic marker CD95, both in circulating (T0: 1549 (888) versus T1: 2563 (1371) MFI; p = 0.0043) and intrahepatic MAIT cells (T0: 2724 (862) versus T1: 3117 (1622) MFI; p = 0.0269). Moreover, the percentage of intrahepatic MAIT cells significantly decreased after EI (T0: 11.1 (14.4) versus T1: 5.3 (9.3)%; p = 0.0029), in conjunction with significant improvements in fibrosis stage and hepatocyte ballooning. Conclusions: These data demonstrate independent benefits from dietary and exercise intervention and suggest a role for intrahepatic MAIT cells in the observed histological improvements in NAFLD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Effects of Dietary versus Exercise Intervention on Intrahepatic MAIT Cells and Histological Features of NAFLD

Naimimohasses

O’Gorman

Wright³

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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“…These patients are more likely to develop severe symptoms and even die after SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 24 , 51 , 70 ]. PA helps prevent and treat obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, liver disease, cancer, and other diseases [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 25 ], thus, indirectly reducing the threat of COVID-19. Therefore, PA may bring greater health benefits to these special populations ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Physical Activity on COVID-19

Yang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is seriously endangering human health worldwide. This study finds effective intervention modalities of physical activity on COVID-19 through a narrative review. Methods: In this study, 41 papers were selected for a narrative literature review after a comprehensive database search from 20 December 2019, to 30 August 2022. Results: 41 articles meet the established criteria, and in this review, we comprehensively describe recent studies on exercise and COVID-19, including the impact and recommendations of exercise on COVID-19 prevention, patients with COVID-19, and noninfected populations. Conclusions: The literature suggests that physical activity (PA) contributes to the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, can promote recovery of physical function, alleviate post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, and improve patients’ psychological well-being. It is recommended to develop appropriate exercise prescriptions for different populations under the guidance of a physician.

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“…The new lifestyles derived from the lockdown have caused a statistically significant increase in obesity and overweight, which can be quantified with an increase in weight, BMI, percentage of fat mass, and abdominal perimeter as well as alterations in the lipid profile, simultaneously leading to a worsening of the obesity pandemic and an increase in metabolic pathologies [ 41 , 42 ] such as metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance in both the diabetic and non-diabetic individuals, and a greater risk of developing NAFLD [ 43 ], as seen in Table 2 and Table 3 , all of which affect the adult population worldwide [ 44 , 45 ], with metabolic syndrome representing the most frequent chronic liver disease in the United States [ 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance in Adults: A before and after Pandemic Lockdown Longitudinal Study

et al. 2022

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Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a chronic disease caused by the accumulation of fat in the liver related to overweight and obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and high levels of triglycerides and leads to an increased cardiovascular risk. It is considered a global pandemic, coinciding with the pandemic in 2020 caused by the “coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID-19). Due to COVID-19, the population was placed under lockdown. The aim of our study was to evaluate how these unhealthy lifestyle modifications influenced the appearance of metabolic alterations and the increase in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: A prospective study was carried out on 6236 workers in a Spanish population between March 2019 and March 2021. Results: Differences in the mean values of anthropometric and clinical parameters before and after lockdown were revealed. There was a statistically significant worsening in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and in the insulin resistance scales, with increased body weight, BMI, cholesterol levels with higher LDL levels, and glucose and a reduction in HDL levels. Conclusions: Lockdown caused a worsening of cardiovascular risk factors due to an increase in liver fat estimation scales and an increased risk of presenting with NAFLD and changes in insulin resistance.

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Exercising in the COVID-19 era: implications in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Cited by 8 publications

References 51 publications

Differential Effects of Dietary versus Exercise Intervention on Intrahepatic MAIT Cells and Histological Features of NAFLD

Differential Effects of Dietary versus Exercise Intervention on Intrahepatic MAIT Cells and Histological Features of NAFLD

Impact of Physical Activity on COVID-19

Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance in Adults: A before and after Pandemic Lockdown Longitudinal Study

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