Exercising with an iPod, Friend, or Neither: Which is Better for Psychological Benefits?

Plante, Thomas G.; Gustafson, Carissa L.; Brecht, Carrie; Imberi, Jenny; Sánchez, Jacqueline Hernández

doi:10.5993/ajhb.35.2.7

“…It may be worthwhile to note that enjoyment in most prior studies was measured when exercising with a friend, while the current study involved exercising with a stranger. Despite contradictory findings regarding enjoyment, past research has indicated that participants felt the most calm when exercising alone than with a partner (12,13). These findings, as well as those of the current study, suggest that individuals may feel more at ease when there are no immediate social standards for comparison.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

“…This suggests that when comparing themselves to an unattractive female, participants may feel less threatened than when comparing themselves to an attractive female. Previous research have not found differences in tension when exercising alone versus with a partner (11)(12)(13), however one study has found that female pairs reported greater exertion than mixed pairs while exercising (10). This suggests that perhaps people feel more distracted or less competitive in mixed pairs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, exercisers tend to mirror the exercise behavior of those around them. In addition, exercise environment and social contact appear to have an effect on mood outcomes (such as calmness and tiredness) such that exercising inside or outside with a close friend, alone, or with music has been shown to impact the energy, enjoyment, tiredness, and calmness of individual exercisers (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Exercise Partner Attractiveness on Mood, Enjoyment, and Exertion

Plante¹,

Gregg²,

Rubbo³

et al. 2011

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Int J Exerc Sci 4(4) : [265][266][267][268][269][270][271][272] 2011. Social comparison theory was used to examine if males exercising with a female research confederate posing as either attractive or unattractive would alter their exercise mood, exertion, and enjoyment. A total of 101 college students (51 males and 51 females) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: biking alone, biking with an attractive female confederate, or biking with the same female confederate appearing unattractive. All participants were instructed to complete 20 minutes of exercise at 60%-70% of their maximum target heart rate. Standard exercise mood measures (e.g., Activation-Deactivation Adjective Check List) were administered immediately prior to and immediately following exercise. Pulse rate and exercise work load (i.e., bike speed and RPMs) were assessed throughout the exercise experience and exercise enjoyment was measured following exercise. In the attractive condition, the confederate dressed fashionably in form fitting and stylish work-out clothes and wore make-up and jewelry while the same confederate in the unattractive condition wore baggie casual sweat clothes and no make-up or jewelry. Results indicated that female participants were more relaxed while males were less relaxed when they were in the unattractive confederate condition (p < .05). However, no exertion differences emerged between experimental conditions (p's > .05). Participants reported the most enjoyment while in the control condition exercising alone and the least enjoyment in the attractive confederate condition (p < .05). Social comparison theory predicts exercise outcome such that participants report less enjoyment yet more relaxation for females but less for males when exercising with an attractive female confederate thus altering their exercise experience based on those around them.

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“…These results suggested that music and exercise may combine to increase energy and positive mood significantly more than exercise alone. With regard to exercise enjoyment, participants who listened to music during exercise rated their exercise as more enjoyable than those who exercised without music, and this effect size was medium (d = .33 Campbell and White | Music and Exercise enjoyment has been indicated in previous research using high-intensity exercise (Miller et al, 2010), but this effect has not been previously supported for low-to moderate-intensity exercise (Plante et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Biological Significance in Human Causal Learning

John¹,

Pineño²

2015

PsiChiJournal

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of encouraging, stim u lat ing, and maintaining ex cel lence in schol ar ship, and advancing the sci ence of psy chol ogy. Mem ber ship is open to gradu ate and under gradu ate students mak ing the study of psy chol ogy one of their major interests and who meet Psi Chi's min i mum qual i fi ca tions. Psi Chi is a member of the As so cia tion of Col lege Honor So ci et ies (ACHS), and is an affiliate of the Ameri can Psy cho logi cal As so cia tion (APA) and the Association for Psy cho log i cal Science (APS). Psi Chi's sister honor society is Psi Beta, the na tion al honor society in psychology for com mu nity and junior colleges. Psi Chi functions as a federation of chap ters located at over 1,100 senior col leg es and universities around the world. The Psi Chi Central Office is lo cat ed in Chatta nooga, Ten nessee. A Board of Directors, com posed of psy chol o gy faculty who are Psi Chi members and who are elect ed by the chapters, guides the affairs of the Or ga ni za tion and sets pol i cy with the ap prov al of the chap ters.Psi Chi serves two major goals. The first of these is the Society's ob li ga tion to pro vide ac a dem ic rec og ni tion to its in duc tees by the mere fact of mem ber ship. The sec ond is the opportunity of each of the Society's local chapters to nourish and stim u late the pro fes sion al growth of all members through fellowship and activities de signed to augment and en hance the reg u lar cur ric u lum. In addition, the Or ga ni za tion provides programs to help achieve these goals including con ven tions, research awards and grants competitions, and publication opportunities. JOURNAL PURPOSE STATEMENTThe twofold purpose of the Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research is to foster and reward the scholarly efforts of psychology students as well as to provide them with a valuable learning experience.

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“…With regard to exercise enjoyment, participants who listened to music during exercise rated their exercise as more enjoyable than those who exercised without music, and this effect size was medium (d = .33). The positive effect of music on Campbell and White | Music and Exercise enjoyment has been indicated in previous research using high-intensity exercise (Miller et al, 2010), but this effect has not been previously supported for low-to moderate-intensity exercise (Plante et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Relationship Between Participation in Alcoholics Anonymous and Social Anxiety

Moser¹,

Turk²,

Glover³

2015

PsiChiJournal

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0

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of encouraging, stim u lat ing, and maintaining ex cel lence in schol ar ship, and advancing the sci ence of psy chol ogy. Mem ber ship is open to gradu ate and under gradu ate students mak ing the study of psy chol ogy one of their major interests and who meet Psi Chi's min i mum qual i fi ca tions. Psi Chi is a member of the As so cia tion of Col lege Honor So ci et ies (ACHS), and is an affiliate of the Ameri can Psy cho logi cal As so cia tion (APA) and the Association for Psy cho log i cal Science (APS). Psi Chi's sister honor society is Psi Beta, the na tion al honor society in psychology for com mu nity and junior colleges.Psi Chi functions as a federation of chap ters located at over 1,100 senior col leg es and universities around the world. The Psi Chi Central Office is lo cat ed in Chatta nooga, Ten nessee. A Board of Directors, com posed of psy chol o gy faculty who are Psi Chi members and who are elect ed by the chapters, guides the affairs of the Or ga ni za tion and sets pol i cy with the ap prov al of the chap ters.Psi Chi serves two major goals. The first of these is the Society's ob li ga tion to pro vide ac a dem ic rec og ni tion to its in duc tees by the mere fact of mem ber ship. The sec ond is the opportunity of each of the Society's local chapters to nourish and stim u late the pro fes sion al growth of all members through fellowship and activities de signed to augment and en hance the reg u lar cur ric u lum. In addition, the Or ga ni za tion provides programs to help achieve these goals including con ven tions, research awards and grants competitions, and publication opportunities. JOURNAL PURPOSE STATEMENTThe twofold purpose of the Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research is to foster and reward the scholarly efforts of psychology students as well as to provide them with a valuable learning Postmaster: Send ad dress chang es to the address below. Roszak (1992Roszak ( , 1995, ecopsychology research has produced conflicting results regarding whether a positive or negative religion-environment relation exists. Collections such as Proctor's (2005) Science, Religion, and the Human Experience have emphasized the complexity of such varied relations, stating that the world, the nature of its resources, and the religion of its people are interactive processes that both actively influence and affect one another.Due to the increasing complexity of global climate change and the rich history of religionprompted social action, it is imperative that ecopsychology further address any link between these two ideologies. At present, most experimental research has supported White's thesis. Regardless, all significant findings that have affirmed or refuted the religion-environment connection should be considered analytically. For instance, some Judeo-Christian perspectives uphold the existence of religiously prompted environmental stewardship (Sneep, 2007) and a need to care for God's creation (DeWitt, Baer, Derr, & Ehlers, 1998). A direct positive correlation between Christianity and ecologically cons...

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Exercising with an iPod, Friend, or Neither: Which is Better for Psychological Benefits?

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Impact of Exercise Partner Attractiveness on Mood, Enjoyment, and Exertion

Impact of Exercise Partner Attractiveness on Mood, Enjoyment, and Exertion

Biological Significance in Human Causal Learning

The Relationship Between Participation in Alcoholics Anonymous and Social Anxiety

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