Exergoeconomic optimization and working fluid comparison of low-temperature Carnot battery systems for energy storage

Fan, Ruoxuan; Xi, Huan

doi:10.1016/j.est.2022.104453

Cited by 30 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The simulation performed with the same temperatures and pinch-point temperature differences, using the R1336mzz(Z) instead of toluene as the working fluid in the 2sHP, shows that the round-trip efficiency at full load resulted to be about η Loop = 0.72, a lower value with respect to the case with toluene, consistent with the preliminary analysis. After some research in the literature on the several works concerning the CB, we have found that very few of them [18][19][20][21]30,39] are in some way comparable with our work and are reported in Table 15, because the vast majority consider very different temperature ranges and working fluid types. Moreover, the comparable works have different hypotheses on the kind of the machines, on the heat exchangers, and the pinch-points, considering just the design situation, and thus resulting in a round-trip efficiency values dispersion.…”

Section: The Round-trip Efficiency Of the Carnot Batterysupporting

confidence: 69%

Part-Load Energy Performance Assessment of a Pumped Thermal Energy Storage System for an Energy Community

Nadalon,

De Souza,

Casisi

et al. 2023

Energies

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Research on pumped thermal energy storage (PTES) has gained considerable attention from the scientific community. Its better suitability for specific applications and the increasing need for the development of innovative energy storage technologies are among the main reasons for that interest. The name Carnot Battery (CB) has been used in the literature to refer to PTES systems. The present paper aims to develop an energy analysis of a CB comprising a high-temperature two-stage heat pump (2sHP), an intermediate thermal storage (latent heat), and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC). From a broad perspective, the CB is modeled considering two types of heat inputs for the HP: a cold reservoir in the ground (at a constant temperature of 12 °C throughout the entire year) and a heat storage at 80 °C (thermally-integrated PTES—TI-PTES). The first part defines simple models for the HP and ORC, where only the cycles’ efficiencies are considered. On this basis, the storage temperature and the kind of fluids are identified. Then, the expected power-to-power (round-trip) efficiency is calculated, considering a more realistic model, the constant size of the heat exchangers, and the off-design operation of expanders and compressors. The model is simulated using Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software (Academic Professional V10.998-3D) for several working fluids and different temperature levels for the intermediate CB heat storage. The results demonstrate that the scenario based on TI-PTES operation mode (toluene as the HP working fluid) achieved the highest round-trip efficiency of 80.2% at full load and 50.6% round-trip efficiency with the CB operating at part-load (25% of its full load). Furthermore, when the HP working fluid was changed (under the same scenario) to R1336mzz(Z), the round-trip full-load and part-load efficiencies dropped to 72.4% and 46.2%, respectively. The findings of this study provide the HP and ORC characteristic curves that could be linearized and used in a thermo-economic optimization model based on a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) algorithm.

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Section: The Round-trip Efficiency Of the Carnot Batterysupporting

confidence: 69%

Part-Load Energy Performance Assessment of a Pumped Thermal Energy Storage System for an Energy Community

Nadalon,

De Souza,

Casisi

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…Based on the above studies, the current research on TIPTES mainly focuses on the charging cycle and discharging cycle with the same working fluid, but the research on the charging and discharging cycle with different working fluids is relatively insufficient. Fan and Xi (2022a) established a Carnot cell model with two different working fluid pairs and showed that the system has the best economy when the R1336mzz(Z)+R245fa working fluid pair is employed in the HP and ORC, respectively, and the system has the highest exergy efficiency when the R245fa + HFO-1336mzz(Z) working fluid pair is used. However, they only used two types of working fluids in the study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of thermally integrated pumped thermal energy storage based on the organic rankine cycle with different working fluid pairs

Jiang,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Front. Energy Res.

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Thermal integrated pumped thermal energy storage (TIPTES) systems with the features of high efficiency, flexibility, and reliability, have attracted increasing attention since they can integrate low-grade heat sources to further improve the utilization and economic viability of renewable energy. In this study, a typical TIPTES system driven by waste flue gas is established, and the heat pump and organic Rankine cycle (ORC) are chosen as the charging and discharging cycle, respectively. Four organic fluids, including R600, R245fa, R601a, and R1336mzz(Z), are selected to compose sixteen different working fluid pairs for thermodynamic analysis. The effects of key parameters, like heat pump system evaporation temperature and hot storage tank temperature, on system performance were analyzed, and the single-objective optimization was conducted. A comparative study was carried out to identify the best working fluid pair according to the optimization results. Results show that the system’s power-to-power efficiency goes up as the evaporation temperature increases while an increase in the heat storage temperature decreases the exergy efficiency of the TIPTES system. Optimization results show that the R245fa + R245fa is the best working fluid pair, and in this system, the ORC evaporator has the largest exergy destruction at about 260.84 kW, which is 20.2% of the total. On the other hand, the ORC pump has the smallest exergy destruction only about 0.5%. This study also finds that the system’s power-to-power efficiency of using different working fluids in either heat pump cycles or ORC cycles is lower than that of using the same working fluid throughout the entire system.

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Working fluid pair selection of thermally integrated pumped thermal electricity storage system for waste heat recovery and energy storage

Wu,

Ma,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Applied Energy

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Exergoeconomic optimization and working fluid comparison of low-temperature Carnot battery systems for energy storage

Cited by 30 publications

References 47 publications

Part-Load Energy Performance Assessment of a Pumped Thermal Energy Storage System for an Energy Community

Part-Load Energy Performance Assessment of a Pumped Thermal Energy Storage System for an Energy Community

Comparative study of thermally integrated pumped thermal energy storage based on the organic rankine cycle with different working fluid pairs

Working fluid pair selection of thermally integrated pumped thermal electricity storage system for waste heat recovery and energy storage

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