Exergy evaluation of emitted waste gas and fuel consumption in food delivery process

Greenhouse gas emissions associated with food packaging for online food delivery services in Australia

“…Wikström & Williams 2019). The farm-to-mouth food sector has effects on the environment across all stages of its life cycle -agriculture, processing, transport and waste generation (Sonesson et al 2005;Behzad et al 2014). An increase in OFDS use will impact all stages of the food supply chain and will change the magnitude of the effects that the food industry has on the environment.…”

“…Every actor in the food supply chain influences its environmental performance and consumer attitudes are an important factor to consider in understanding the environmental performance of food supply chains (Behzad et al 2014;Mancini, Marchini & Simeone 2017).…”

“…A recent change in the industry has been the development of online food delivery services (OFDS) -internet platforms that allow customers to purchase food from partnering restaurants through web applications, and have it delivered to their homes. The advent of OFDS changes the food sector considerably due to the increase in e-commerce and shift from traditional modes of food preparation (home cooking, semi-prepared home cooking and in-restaurant meals) to food delivery (Behzad et al 2014). As more regions of the world undergo urbanisation and as everyday life gets more fast paced, the use of OFDS is predicted to grow (Lucas & Zhang 2018;Vuong 2018).…”