Exfoliative cytology of the oral mucosa in burning mouth syndrome: a cytomorphological and cytomorphometric analysis

Wandeur, Talita; Moura, Sérgio Adriane Bezerra de; Medeiros, Ana Miryam Costa de; Machado, Maria Ângela Naval; Azevedo‐Alanis, Luciana Reis; Grégio, Ana Maria Trindade; Trevilatto, Paula Cristina; Lima, Antônio Adilson Soares de

doi:10.1111/j.1741-2358.2009.00319.x

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Atrophy of the oral mucosa due to vitamin B12 deficiency or the xerostomia of aging are known to be causes of secondary BMS. A recent cytomorphologic study provides evidence that mucosal atrophy may be a factor in primary BMS (35). Buccal musosal exfoliative cytology identified a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and an increased number of nucleated cells in patients with BMS versus age‐ and sex‐matched controls.…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Burning mouth syndrome

Torgerson

2010

Dermatologic Therapy

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Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic condition characterized by burning of the oral mucosa, with or without dysgeusia and xerostomia, in the setting of no underlying systemic disease or identifiable abnormalities on physical examination or laboratory testing. BMS disproportionately affects postmenopausal women. The pathophysiology of the disease is unknown; no single treatment has proven universally successful. In light of these shortcomings, having a practical approach to the evaluation and management of patients with BMS can improve both patient quality of life and physician satisfaction.

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Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Burning mouth syndrome

Torgerson

2010

Dermatologic Therapy

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“…Epithelial atrophy has also been described in a study that concluded that it could lead to greater exposure of nervous terminations and the consequent symptoms described for this syndrome 61 .Low density of intraepithelial nervous fibers was observed on area and length basis in samples of the tongue dorsum mucosa 62 .…”

Section: Histological Changes In the Oral Mucosamentioning

confidence: 89%

Burning Mouth Syndrome –Latest update

Tomattis¹,

Munerato²

2016

Int J Dentistry Res

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Introduction: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by a recurrent daily burning sensation with no evidence lesions in the oral mucosa. It is accompanied by subjective dry mouth and dysgeusia. The tongue is the most commonly affected site, but the condition also affects other sites in the mouth. Its etiopathogeny is multifactorial and its diagnosis is made by exclusion. Objective: This article reviews the literature about the epidemiology, etiopathogeny, and diagnosis of BMS in the past 15 years. Articles were selected from PubMed/MEDLINE, and included clinical assays, case reports, and reviews. We found 509 articles, and only 136 were chosen. The key words were: burning mouth syndrome (BMS), review, etiopathogeny, diagnosis. Conclusions: BMS remains an important diagnostic challenge, though the disease is considered a neuropathy characterized by damage to trigeminal peripheral nervous fibers, which triggers central sensitization. In addition to BMS and secondary BMS, it seems relevant to include complicated BMS, in which symptoms persist despite the elimination of local and systemic causes. BMS should be investigated by a transdisciplinary team that will take into account all aspects active in the mental and physical dimensions of the condition, in the most detailed way. Therefore, QST, imaging investigations, various evaluation scales of mental health and of the impact of BMS on quality of life as well as the investigation of sleep disorders and changes in circadian rhythm could be useful tools in the development of treatment strategies based on findings and observing the characteristics of each BMS patient in light of specifics of diagnosis.

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“…A previous study on the oral mucosa using exfoliative cytology revealed significant morphometric changes in the oral epithelial cells of BMS patients. These changes appear associated with epithelial atrophy and a dysregulation of the maturation process, which consequently can lead to oral pain (Wandeur et al, ). Along this line, we have recently investigated the epithelial thickness and distribution of oestrogen receptor in lingual biopsies from patients with BMS and healthy women (Jørgensen et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of burning mouth syndrome profiles based on response to a local anaesthetic lozenge

et al. 2020

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Objective Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic oral pain condition with unknown aetiology but assumed to involve peripheral/central neuropathological and immune‐mediated inflammatory factors. We aimed at characterizing inflammatory and neurogenic profiles and oral symptomatology of patients with BMS based on response to a local anaesthetic lozenge. Methods Patients with BMS were divided into an Effect (n = 13), No effect (n = 8) or Unspecified (n = 2) group according to their response to a local anaesthetic lozenge on oral pain. Inflammation was assessed in blood plasma and saliva by analyses of IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐17A, IL‐23 and TNF‐α levels. The degree of inflammation and distribution of oestrogen receptor, NGF, NGF‐receptor, TRPV‐1 and IL‐17F in buccal mucosal tissue were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results Immunoreactivity to the oestrogen receptor was most intense in the Effect group, whereas the No effect group tended to have higher plasma levels of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the response to treatment with local anaesthesia enables subgrouping of patients with BMS according to the potential pathogenic mechanisms. Effect of local anaesthesia indicates a peripheral neuropathology involving lack of oestrogen and upregulation of oestrogen receptors, and no effect indicates a systemic inflammation‐induced mechanism leading to increased levels of plasma cytokines.

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Exfoliative cytology of the oral mucosa in burning mouth syndrome: a cytomorphological and cytomorphometric analysis

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Burning mouth syndrome

Burning mouth syndrome

Burning Mouth Syndrome –Latest update

Characterization of burning mouth syndrome profiles based on response to a local anaesthetic lozenge

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